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The Military in Politics

The Military in Politics. Max Cameron Latin American Politics and Government Poli 332, UBC. Sources of Military Intervention. Internal to FFAA - concept of guardianship External - civilian expectations of the military Historical patterns - need for strong government

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The Military in Politics

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  1. The Military in Politics Max Cameron Latin American Politics and Government Poli 332, UBC

  2. Sources of Military Intervention • Internal to FFAA - concept of guardianship • External - civilian expectations of the military • Historical patterns - need for strong government • Institutional deficiencies in larger polity

  3. The History of Coups • 167 coups in 20th century • 1.6 per year, or 8.8 per country • Worst decades: 1910-19; 1930-39, 1960-69 • Best: since 1990 • Explanations: social question, depression, Cuban revolution

  4. Types of Regimes • Peronalistic or collegial? • Institutional role? • Ideological orientation? • Type of civilian support?

  5. Inclusionary or Exclusionary? • Reformist/inclusionary • Peru 1968-1975 • Collegial, junior officers at first • Institutional with tendency toward division • Reformist, Third Worldist • Workers, peasants, intellectuals • Reactionary/exclusionary • Chile 1973-1990 • Collegial with strong personalism emerging • Institutional, coherent and disciplined • Reactionary, forerunner of neoliberalism • Business elites, technocrats, US

  6. Wars Against Subversion (1956-1990) • Idea of “perception of threat” • Guatemala under Arbenz, Cuban revolution, rise of BA states • State of exception or “emergency” • Logic of friends versus enemies • Concept of total war: the Shining Path in Peru

  7. Aftermath of Internal War: Truth, Justice, and Reconciliationor Impunity and Amnesia? • Trade offs between truth and justice • Strategic logics and coalitions • Cases: • Punto Final in Argentina • Rettig Commission in Chile • Peace Accords in Guatemala • Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Peru

  8. Military in Politics Today • Military control • None. There are no military regimes • Military tutelage • Central America: e.g. Guatemala • Conditional subordination • Andes: Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Chile • Civilian control • Costa Rica, Uruguay

  9. A new era? • Election of Piñera in Chile • Military support for Evo Morales • Chavez and the military • Parapolitica scandal in Colombia • Coup in Honduras

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