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DG Communication – Development of Object Models and Related Standards

DG Communication – Development of Object Models and Related Standards. Dr. Alexander Apostolov AREVA T&D Automation. Clemson, SC, March 10, 2005. Introduction. IEC 61850 is now an approved international standard

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DG Communication – Development of Object Models and Related Standards

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  1. DG Communication – Development of Object Models and Related Standards Dr. Alexander Apostolov AREVA T&D Automation Clemson, SC, March 10, 2005

  2. Introduction • IEC 61850 is now an approved international standard • It allows the extension of the modelling concept to cover different domains and applications • The successful implementation requires good understanding of the principles of the standard and the specifics of the domain

  3. Distributed Energy Resources

  4. Objects • An object is “.. a thing that can be seen and touched; material thing that occupies space .. “. Webster New World Dictionary of the American Language • In object-oriented design (OOD) an object is an abstraction of real world entities and functions in a problem domain. • Problem Domain is the application or process that is being modeled by Object Oriented representation (Classes and Objects) – power system protection and control. • Objects are encapsulated — that is, they contain both their code and their data, making them more easier to maintain

  5. Classes and Objects • A class is a template for the creation of objects, the description of one or more objects with the same definitions for information and behavior. • An object is defined as an instance of a class • Objects represent information and behavior : • properties (or components, attributes) • Data that describe an object • services (or methods, and events) • Methods are things you can tell the object to do • Events are things the object does

  6. Classes and Objects

  7. Substation Communications Architecture Substation HMI Substation Computer SCADA Master Router WAN Switch Switch IED IED IED IED IED IED IED

  8. DER System Communications Architecture Substation j Substation 2 Substation i DER DER DER DER DER Traders Analysts EMS EMS SCADA Server ISD WAN Substation Gateway Substation 1 Switch IED IED IED IED

  9. Function Definitions • Functions in the substation are performed by the protection, control, monitoring and recording system. • A function can be divided into sub-functions and functional elements. • The functional elements are the smallest parts of a function that can exchange data. • These functional elements in IEC 61850 are called Logical Nodes

  10. Logical Node Groups • System Logical Nodes LN Group: L • Logical Nodes for protection functions LN Group: P • Logical Nodes for protection related functions LN Group: R • Logical Nodes for control LN Group: C • Logical nodes for generic references LN Group: G • Logical Nodes for interfacing and archiving LN Group: I • Logical Nodes for automatic control LN Group: A

  11. Logical Node Groups • Logical Nodes for metering and measurement LN Group: M • Logical Nodes for sensors and monitoring LN Group: S • Logical Nodes for switchgear LN Group: X • Logical Nodes for instrument transformers LN Group: T • Logical Nodes for power transformers LN Group: Y • Logical Nodes for further power system equipment LN Group: Z • Logical Nodes for Distributed Energy Resources LN Group: D

  12. Logical Nodes Group D • DER Controller DRCT • DER generator Ratings DRAT • DER Generator DRGN • Synchronization DSYN • Inverter DINV • Diesel Engine DIES • Fuel cell DFCL • Photovoltaics DRPV

  13. Logical Nodes Group D • Fuel Systems DFUL • Battery Systems DBAT • Environmental Conditions ENVR • Heat System DHET • Contractual Parameters DCCT

  14. Logical Nodes Information Categories

  15. Functional Constraints • The property of DataAttribute that shows its use is a Functional Constraint (FC). • Some more commonly used are: • CO – control • SP – set point • CF – configuration • DC – description • SG – setting group • MX – measurements

  16. Object Hierarchy Server Logical Device Logical Device Logical Device Logical Node Logical Node Logical Node Data Data Data Data Attribute Data Attribute Data Attribute

  17. Nested DataAttributes DATA Instance DataAttr DataAttr DAComp DAComp DAComp DAComp

  18. Data path example MMXU1.A.phsB.cVal.mag.f • MMXU1: instance of LN class MMXU defined in Part 7-4 • A: instantiation of the Composite DATA class WYE (defined in 7-3) • phsB: value of the current in phase B as a Simple Common DATA class of type CMV (defined in 7-3 ) • cVal: is the complex value of the current in phase B (of the Common DataAttribute type Vector) • mag: this object represents the magnitude of the complex value (type AnalogValue - defined in 7-3) • fis a DataAttributeComponent which is of the basic type FLOATING POINT (defined in 7-2)

  19. Common data classes for measurand information • Measured value (MV) • Complex measured value (CMV) • Sampled value (SAV) • WYE • Delta (DEL) • Sequence (SEQ) • Harmonic value (HMV) • Harmonic value for WYE (HWYE) • Harmonic value for Delta (HDEL)

  20. Metering and Measurement Logical Nodes • Differential measurements Name: MDIF • Harmonics or interharmonics Name: MHAI • Non phase related harmonics or interharmonics Name: MHAN • Metering Name: MMTR • Non phase related Measurement Name: MMXN • Measurement Name: MMXU • Sequence & imbalance Name: MSQI • Metering Statistics Name: MSTA

  21. Measured values attributes in MMXU

  22. Measurements Object MMXU

  23. Logical Nodes Data

  24. Setting Data

  25. Overcurrent Protection LN PTOC

  26. Setting Attributes

  27. Services

  28. Services • control devices (Operate service or by multicast trip signals) (1) • fast and reliable peer-to-peer exchange of status information (tripping or blocking) (2) • reporting of any set of data (data attributes), SoE – cyclic and event triggered (3) • logging and retrieving of any set of data (data attributes) – cyclic and event triggered (4) • substitution (5)

  29. Services • handling and setting of parameter setting groups • transmission of sampled values from sensors, • time synchronisation, • file transfer, • online configuration (6), and • retrieving the selfdescription of a device (7)

  30. IED Functional Hierarchy IED Functional Hierarchy Multifunctional IED Device Identity Function Control Sub-Function Control Definite time #1 Ground Over-current Pickup Value Minimum Maximum Step Time delay Phase Inverse time Negat. Seq. Instant. Directio-nality Function Function

  31. Substation Functional Hierarchy F3 PD1 PD2 LD1 LD1 LN1 LN1 LN2 LN2 F1 LN3 LN3 F2 LN4 LN4 LNn LNn

  32. IED Functional Hierarchy Station Bus Mappings (8-1) Layered Mapping (TCP/IP) GOOSE/GSSE (Link) Time Sync (SNTP) Substation Computer Station Bus IED IED IED IED Process Bus CT VT CT VT Process Bus Mappings (9-1,9-2) Sampled Values (Link) GOOSE/GSSE (Link) Time Sync (SNTP)

  33. Logical Interfaces Remote control (NCC) Technical Services 10 7 FCT. A FCT. B 9 STATION LEVEL 1,6 1,6 8 3 3 PROT. PROT. CONTR. CONTR. 2 2 Remote protection Remote protection BAY/UNIT LEVEL 4,5 4,5 Actuators Sensors Process Interface PROCESS LEVEL HV Equipment

  34. Logical Interfaces • IF1: protection-data exchange between bay and station level • IF2: protection-data exchange between bay level and remote protection • IF3: data exchange within bay level • IF4: CT and VT instantaneous data exchange (especially samples) between process and bay level • IF5: control-data exchange between process and bay level

  35. Logical Interfaces • IF6: control-data exchange between bay and station level • IF7: data exchange between substation (level) and a remote engineer’s workplace • IF8: direct data exchange between the bays especially for fast functions like interlocking • IF9: data exchange within station level • IF10: control-data exchange between substation (devices) and a remote control center

  36. High-Speed Peer-to-Peer Communications • Generic Substation Event (GSE) • Based upon the asynchronous reporting of an IED’s functional elements status to other peer devices enrolled to receive it during the configuration stages of the substation integration process • Used to replace the hard wired control signal exchange between IED’s for interlocking and protection purposes • Mission sensitive, time critical and must be highly reliable.

  37. GSE Messages: • GSSE and GOOSE • Status/State Oriented • Event ID • Event Time • Higher Reliability • Periodic Refresh • Automatic Reset • Sequence Count

  38. Addressing Modes • Unicast communication takes place over the network between a single sending IED and a single receiving IED. The Destination Address identifies a unique device that will receive the Ethernet frame. • Multicast is the addressing mode in which a given frame is targeted to a group of logically related IEDs. In this case the Destination Address is the Multicast Address, also called a "group" address.

  39. Addressing Modes • Broadcast is the mode when an IED is sending a frame to all devices connected to the substation network. • The Destination Address in this case is a Broadcast Address - a multicast address identifying the group of all devices on a network - all 1 bits. • The Broadcast Domain includes all network segments joined together by bridges.

  40. Measuring Functions Decomposition Substation Level IARC IHMI Bay Level MMTR MMXU Process Level TCTR TVTR

  41. Multifunctional IED Object Model Server LD1 LD2 LD3 LD4 LD5 LD6

  42. Multifunctional IED Object Model Server LN1 LN2 LD1 LN3 LN4 LNn

  43. Multifunctional IED Object Model PQM IED HV LD1 LN(i) hv MMXU1 MMTR1 MMHI1 MSTA1 mv MMXU2 MMHI2 MSTA2 MV

  44. Configuration File

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