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Notes 3

Notes 3. Chapter 8- Lesson 1. Who Were the Greek Gods. 12 most important gods/goddess lived on Mount Olympus. Humans were not permitted on Mount Olympus. Zeus- chief god. Athena- goddess of wisdom and crafts. Apollo- god of sun and poetry. Ares- god of war.

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Notes 3

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  1. Notes 3 Chapter 8- Lesson 1

  2. Who Were the Greek Gods • 12 most important gods/goddess lived on Mount Olympus. • Humans were not permitted on Mount Olympus. • Zeus- chief god. • Athena- goddess of wisdom and crafts. • Apollo- god of sun and poetry. • Ares- god of war. • Poseidon- god of the sea and earthquakes. • Aphrodite- goddess of love. Each city state chose one god or goddess as its protector.

  3. Festivals • Festivals honoring the gods and goddess were an important part of Greek life. • Every four years, Greek athletes took part in athletic competitions. The games were to honor Zeus. • Olympic Games- held at the city of Olympia and began in 776 B.C. • First modern game held in 1896.

  4. Greek Oracle • Greeks believed each person had a destiny. • Greeks believed the gods gave prophecies to warn people about the future. • To find out about the future, many Greeks visited an oracle. • Temple of Apollo at Delphi- most famous oracle. • Priestess sat on a stool and listened to questions. Then priests translated her answers.

  5. Epics and Fables • Greek poems and stories are some of the oldest literature in western civilization. • Europeans and Americans used ancient Greek works as models for writing their own literature. • Example- William Shakespeare • Epics- first Greek stories. • Two great epics- Iliad and Odyssey. • Composed by Homer in the 700s B.C.

  6. Aesops Fables • Lived and told stories around 550 B.C. • Probably never existed. • In most, animals speak and act like people. • Stories were often funny and show human weakness and strengths. • Each fable ends with a moral, or useful truth. • Ex: The Hare and the Tortoise and The Boy who Cried Wolf. • Aesops fables were told during the Golden Age of Greece. • For 200 years they were told as oral tradition.

  7. The Impact of Greek Drama • Greeks performed the first dramas. • Greek drama can be divided into two categories: tragedy and comedy. • Tragedy- main character struggles to overcome hardship. • Comedy- story filled with humor and ends happily. • In ancient Greece, only men could be actors.

  8. Greek Art and Architecture • Greeks excelled in the arts and architecture. • The characteristics of Greek art became the artistic style that we no call classical. • Constructed beautiful buildings such as the Parthenon. • Parthenon housed statues of the gods.

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