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PM2.5

PM2.5. Target value 25µg/m³ 01/01/2010 Limit Value 25µg/m³ 01/01/2015 20µg/m³ 01/01/2020 Exposure concentration obligation (city BG) 20µg/m³ 01/01/2015. PM2.5 locations 2007. PM2.5 yearly averages 2000-2007. Additional PM2.5 measurements.

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PM2.5

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  1. PM2.5 Target value 25µg/m³ 01/01/2010 Limit Value 25µg/m³ 01/01/2015 20µg/m³ 01/01/2020 Exposure concentration obligation (city BG) 20µg/m³ 01/01/2015 1

  2. PM2.5 locations 2007 2

  3. PM2.5 yearly averages 2000-2007 3

  4. Additional PM2.5 measurements • 5 Stations started in 2008 in the Antwerp harbour • 4 Stations started in 2009 for determination of AEI on urban background locations. • Locations: • Antwerp agglomeration: 2 stations • Ghent: 1 station • Bruges: 1 station • Measuring method: gravimetric method • 1 Station in a rural background area for the determination of the chemical composition 4

  5. Comparative measurements PM2.5 in 2009 • BAM1020 (Met One) vs reference on 3 places • TEOM-FDMS vs reference on 3 places • ESM FH 62 I-R vs reference on 2 places • Pall Tissue kwarts vs Pall teflon on 2 places 5

  6. Equivalence tests PM2.5 • ESM: 1.46 • TEOM-FDMS: 1.08 => 1.00 • TEOM: 1.75 6

  7. Equivalence tests PM10 • ESM: 1.37 • TEOM: 1.47 • TEOM-FDMS: 1.00 • 1.12: quartz • 1.01: teflon 7

  8. COSTS PM2.5 - Monitors BTW excl. GRIMM180: PM10 + PM2.5 9

  9. COSTS PM2.5 - Gravimetry • Stations • Investment samplers (10yr): 5.300,- • Maintenance – working costs: 10.000,- • Personal costs: 1VTE • Investment gravimetry: 50.000,- 10

  10. bodemstof (diesel)soot Chemical characterisation: How much versus What • How much? (EU-legislation) What? (science) !  “Chemkar PM10” project 11

  11. Chemical Characterisation of PM10 • What ? • Elements (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, Si,Ti, V, Zn) • Water-soluble ions (NH4+,NO3-, SO42-,Cl-,…) • EC/OC • Genotoxical tests (VITO & UA) • PAHs (VMM Ghent) • Isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N) (JRC-IRMM) 12

  12. Chemical Characterisation of PM10 • Why? • What? • How? • PM mass: gravimetric • Ions: IC • EC/OC: TOT* (NIOSH program, Sunset Lab) • Elements: XRF • PAH: GC-MS * Thermo-optical transmission 13

  13. ChemChar of PM10 • 1. Secundaire anorg. ionen • (=nitraat, sulfaat, ammonium) >> 41% (12,6 µg/m3) • 2. Organische massa • >> 20% (6,1 µg/m3) • 3. Bodemstof • >> 14% (4,3 µg/m3) • 4. Zeezout • >> 8% (2,4 µg/m3) • 5. Elementaire koolstof (roet) • >> 4% (1,2 µg/m3) 14

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