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Canada & WW 1, 1914 - 1918

Canada & WW 1, 1914 - 1918. War Breaks Out!. Flashpoint: Sarajevo. June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated while visiting Sarajevo Assassin Gavrilo Princip belonged to Serbian terrorist group Black Hand Serbian nationalists resented Austrian control of Sarajevo.

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Canada & WW 1, 1914 - 1918

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  1. Canada & WW 1, 1914 - 1918 War Breaks Out!

  2. Flashpoint: Sarajevo • June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated while visiting Sarajevo • Assassin GavriloPrincipbelonged to Serbian terrorist group Black Hand • Serbian nationalists resented Austrian control of Sarajevo

  3. Causes of WW 1 • Militarism – strong armies & navies settle disputes • Alliances – countries band together for support during war • Imperialism – gaining colonies to develop empire for raw materials & markets • Nationalism – feeling of deep loyalty to one’s people & homeland GavriloPrincipSerbian TerroristBlack Hand

  4. Alliance System • Triple Entente (France, Russia, Britain) • Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) • Triple Entente  Allied Powers (gain Italy) • Triple Alliance  Central Powers (gain Ottoman Empire i.e., Turkey / Bulgaria)

  5. WW 1 Alliance Map

  6. Final Steps to War • Austria-Hungary sends Serbia an ultimatum • Serbia agrees to 2 of the 3 conditions, but will not allow Austrian officials into Serbia • Austria declares war on Serbia • Russia mobilizes army to support Serbia & France mobilizes army to support Russia

  7. Final Steps to War (cont’d) • Threatened Germany orders France & Russia to stop mobilizing, but they refuse • Germany declares war on Russia & France Aug. 1 & 2, 1914 • Germany invades France through neutral Belgium to bypass French fortifications (Schlieffen Plan) • Aug. 4 Britain declares war against Germany in support of treaty with Belgium

  8. Schlieffen Plan

  9. Canada Goes to War • Canada was not a fully independent nation in 1914, but was part of the British Empire • When Britain was at war, Canada was automatically at war also • English & French Cdns strongly supported the war against Germany • Cdn PM Borden offered to train & equip 25,000 men two days after war declared PM Borden

  10. Canada Goes to War (cont’d) • Aug. 1914 Canadian Armed Forces  2 old navy cruisers, 3000 soldiers, 60,000 militia • Minister of Militia Sam Hughes organized massive recruiting campaign • Nationalism & high unemployment led to a flood of volunteers Colonel Sam Hughes Minister of Militia

  11. Mobilizing the Troops • Hughes set up a military training camp at Valcartier, Quebec for 30,000 volunteers • Cdn made Ross rifle jammed in the mud of trench warfare causing Hughes to be fired • Cdn troops clashed with their British commanding officers who demanded unquestioning respect despite mistakes

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