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Muslim Empires: The Ottomans, Safavids & Mughals

Muslim Empires: The Ottomans, Safavids & Mughals. Ch. 17, 1&2. The Ottoman Empire . Sultans –Arabic term for ruler Ottomans –warlike, nomadic Muslim Turks who conquered the Byzantine Empire and the Balkans region of Europe success due to military, which included

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Muslim Empires: The Ottomans, Safavids & Mughals

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  1. Muslim Empires:The Ottomans, Safavids & Mughals Ch. 17, 1&2

  2. The Ottoman Empire • Sultans –Arabic term for ruler • Ottomans –warlike, nomadic Muslim Turks who conquered the Byzantine Empire and the Balkans region of Europe • success due to military, which included • Janissaries -enslaved Christian boys who converted to Islam • Gunpowder cannons

  3. Mehmed II –Conquered Constantinople in 1453; took over parts of Persia, Egypt & Arabian peninsula

  4. Suleyman “the Magnificent” – leader of Ottoman Empire’s Golden Age (1520 – 1566) • empire lasted until 1918 • Issued laws & improved courts to reduce corruption • Architects built mosques & palaces

  5. Ottoman Social Structure • All Muslim males were expected to serve in the military • Non-Muslims paid heavy taxes • Strict social hierarchy gave few citizens freedom Sultan & Ruling class Everyone else

  6. Safavids –Muslim Empire of Persia from 1501-1722 • Shah –Persian word meaning king • Created a Shia kingdom, although most Muslims were Sunni • Golden Age of art • Carpets • Glazed ceramic tiles

  7. Muslims Rule India • Mughal Empire – Islamic empire of northern India begun in 1526 • Akbar the Great –began his rule at 13; by age 57 controlled almost all of India • Controlling of finance & gov’t • Built wealth on textiles • Religious toleration for everyone except Sikhs who tried to rebel • Sikhism –combined Hindu & Islamic beliefs (monotheism w/reincarnation)

  8. Shah Jahan–grandson of Akbar; ruled during Golden age of Mughal empire • Built tomb for dead wife –TajMahal • Heavy taxes to build monuments led to hardship & famine • Empire will end with colonization of India by the British

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