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Non-Infectious Diseases

Non-Infectious Diseases. Non-Infectious Disease. Not caused by pathogens Cannot be transmitted to other people Risk factors: Genetics Life-style Environmental factors . Genetic Risk Factors. Determined by genes Congenital disease is present at birth

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Non-Infectious Diseases

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  1. Non-Infectious Diseases

  2. Non-Infectious Disease • Not caused by pathogens • Cannot be transmitted to other people • Risk factors: • Genetics • Life-style • Environmental factors

  3. Genetic Risk Factors • Determined by genes • Congenital disease is present at birth • Others don’t show up until later in life • Familial Disease Tendency • Disease runs in family

  4. Genetic Risk Factors • Recessive gene disorders • Need recessive gene from both parents • Can be a carrier • Cystic fibrosis & sickle cell anemia • Down syndrome • Born with extra chromosome

  5. Genetic Risk Factors • Sex-linked disorders • Linked to x chromosome (female) • Can be recessive in females • Color blindness, hemophilia, & muscular dystrophy

  6. Environmental Risk Factors • Pollution • Smoke • Sunlight • Radiation • Altitude • Water

  7. Lifestyle Risk Factors • Diet • Obesity • Exercise • Alcohol • Tobacco • Stress • Sleep

  8. Leading Cause of Death in US • Heart disease: 631,636 • Cancer: 559,888 • Stroke : 137,119 • (CDC, 2006)

  9. Cardiovascular Disease • Disease of Cardiovascular system • CV system is… • Heart • Blood Vessels • Arteries • Vein • Capillaries • Blood

  10. Types of CV Disease • Hypertension • Arteriosclerosis • Atherosclerosis • Heart Attack • Stroke • Arrhythmias • Heart Valve Disorder • Varicose Veins

  11. Hypertension • High Blood Pressure • Normal=120/80 • Over 120/80= At risk • High=150/90 • Thickening of blood vessel walls • Narrows passageways for blood

  12. Arteriosclerosis • Hardening of the arteries • Narrows blood vessels & blocks blood flow • Atherosclerosis • Fat deposits in blood vessels

  13. Heart Attack • Caused by lack of oxygen delivery to cells • Coronary heart disease • Blockage of coronary arteries • Caused by fat deposits and/or blood clots • Causes heart attack • Cardiac Arrest • Entire heart stops

  14. Stroke • Disrupts blood flow to brain • No oxygen to brain • Brain cells die • Caused by fatty deposits, blood clots, or burst arteries • Aneurysm • Weak spot in blood vessel that can burst

  15. Stroke • Effects • Speech • Senses • Movement • Memory • Behavior • Depending on side of the brain

  16. Heart Valve Disease • 4 valves in heart • 2 between atria & ventricle • 2 between heart & arteries • Bypass Surgery

  17. Arrhythmias & Varicose Veins Arrhythmias • Abnormal heart beat • Pacemaker • Defibrillator • Varicose Veins • Large blue veins • One-way valves don’t work

  18. Testing & Diagnosis • Electrocardiogram (ECG/ EKG) • Graphs electrical impulses and heart beats • Stress Test • ECG during exercise • Chest X-Ray • Picture of heart

  19. Prevention • Don’t smoke • Exercise regularly • Manage stress • Manage diet • Avoid saturated fat & cholesterol • Replace red meat with chicken and fish • Eat more fruits & veggies • Avoid sweets, oils, & fats

  20. Videos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnK1Kv3XkZI • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7F52IyeINk • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3QuUMt9cao

  21. Discussion • Define HDL, LDL, Cholesterol. How are they different? How are they similar? • Describe angiogenesis. What does it do? Why does this help increase heart health? • Describe the symptoms of heart disease.

  22. What is Cancer? • Define the 5 different types of cancer? • What is the difference between benign & malignant tumors? • What is metastasis? How does it occur? • What causes cancer? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_wRpa2b5XI

  23. Cancer • Types • Skin • Lung • Mouth • Throat • Leukemia • Breast • Colon • Cervix • Prostate • Testicular

  24. Cancer • Types Risk Factors • Skin L, E, G • Lung L, E, • Mouth L, E • Throat L, E • Leukemia L, E, G • Breast L, E, G • Colon E, G • Cervix L • Prostate L, G • Testicular L, G

  25. Signs & Symptoms • Unexplained weight loss • Fever • Fatigue • Pain • Skin changes • Thickening/ lumps • Unusual bowel movements • Unusual bleeding

  26. Diagnosis • Early detection!!!!!!!! • Screening • Self-test • Pap-test • Cervical examination • Colonoscopy • Looks inside colon • Biopsy • Removal of cell/ tissue for examination

  27. Treatment • Chemotherapy • Drugs that kill cancer cell • Often taken in combination • Pill or injection form • Radiation Therapy • Radiation can stop growth/ division of cancer cells • Surgery • Removal of tumor or cancer cells

  28. Prevention • Avoid tobacco. • Avoid alcohol. • Protect against the sun. • Avoid chemicals/ carcinogens. • Increase fiber intake. • Reduce fiber intake. • Eat balanced diet. • Self-test. • Get regular physical activity. • Surgery

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