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Sensorimotor Neurophysiology of Active Sensing Overview Dr. Martha Flanders

Sensorimotor Neurophysiology of Active Sensing Overview Dr. Martha Flanders Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota Receptors and Spinal Cord Dr. Steve I. Perlmutter Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics Univ. Washington Cerebral Cortex

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Sensorimotor Neurophysiology of Active Sensing Overview Dr. Martha Flanders

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  1. Sensorimotor Neurophysiology of Active Sensing Overview Dr. Martha Flanders Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota Receptors and Spinal Cord Dr. Steve I. PerlmutterDept. of Physiology and Biophysics Univ. Washington Cerebral Cortex Dr. Stephen I. Helms TilleryHarrington Dept. of Bioengineering Arizona State University

  2. Overview cortex Schiebel et al. 1974 6 Layers 80% of neurons are excitatory pyramidal 1 Million Columns 0.5 mm wide processing modules Receptive fields Movement fields Population Coding Sparse Coding Brodal 1981 (after Brodmann and Vogt) Golgi stain - Nissl stain - Myelin stain

  3. Overview dorsal column nuclei, cerebellum, thalamus and cortex thalamus somatosensory cortex Cortical sheet gray matter (neurons) white matter (axons) Subcortical structures thalamus brainstem midbrain, pons medulla dorsal column nuclei cerebellum Spinal cord  brainstem (cerebellum) Roberts and Hanaway 1970

  4. Overview receptors, spinal cord Neurons – deep Axons – more superficial Dorsal - sensory Ventral – motor 7 – Intermediate Zone interneurons 8-10 – motor neuron cells axons exit via ventral root Dorsal Root incoming sensory information Haines 1987 Iggo and Muir 1969

  5. Overview efference copy A) Input (motor error) = target state – current state Brain learns mapping from A to B by comparing efference copy to sensory feedback Comparison operations occur at many levels Somatosensory feeback (tactile and proprioceptive) can be used to continuously guide an ongoing < - - - - - movement B A target state motor command muscle activity force movement efference copy current state sensory feedback cortical subcortical spinal target state motor output efference copy current state somatosensory feedback

  6. Overview neural comparison and cancellation Corinne www.thepaintedparrot.com.au Examples of Comparison Sound localization in barn owl brainstem Primary afferent depolarization in primate spinal cord A. Comparison left ear Left Mid Right right ear B. Cancellation sensory input PAD efference copy motor command motor output

  7. Overview neural comparison and cancellation Heiligenberg 1973 A. Spinal Cord muscle spindle tendon organ cutaneous PAD Object Localization in electric fish brainstem Primary afferent depolarization in primate A. spinal cord B. brainstem? peripheral sensory afferents dorsal root ganglion dorsal horn spinal cord B. Brain efference copy sensory input inhibition cerebral cortex motor output motor command dorsal column nuclei - medulla

  8. Overview neural feature extraction and extrapolation A. Extraction (*a) (*b) (*c) B. Extrapolation (*d) (*e) (*f) Time (ms) Time (ms) Research questions about neural mechanism in primate somatosensory cortex SFA STD

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