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CH 11 WWII

CH 11 WWII. CHAPTER 11, Section 1 The Causes.

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CH 11 WWII

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  1. CH 11 WWII

  2. CHAPTER 11, Section 1 The Causes • Hitler’s ideas and goals: “cancer of democracy,” “create the highest authoritarian state,” forge a new domestic unity, “only a struggle can save us,’ everything else must be subordinated to this idea,” the youth must be trained “to fight with all means,” Germany must rearm and institute a military draft, men must not be “poisoned by pacifism, Marxism, or Bolshevism” for “the conquest of new livingspace in the east and its ruthless Germanization.”

  3. Hitler defies Versailles • 1935 creation of the Luftwaffe (air force), the • draft -armyfrom 100,000 to 550,000 troops. • Saw Western states as weak & would not enforce the restrictions of Versailles • sent troops into the demilitarized Rhineland. • Britain began policy of appeasement.

  4. What are the Western nations scared of? (France and G B)

  5. Italy becomes Aggressive • Mussolini -new Roman Empire. • In 1935, he invaded Ethiopia & was condemned by Western powers • LoN does nothing

  6. AXIS Alliances are formed • In 1936, Germany & Italy helped created Rome-Berlin Axis. • in Nov. Germany also signed the Anti-Comintern Pact w. Japan

  7. Anschluss • 1938, Hitler forced the Austria to put Nazis in power. • Hitler annexed Austria

  8. Munich Conference: • Hitler demanded the Sudetenland (German speaking area of Czechoslovakia.) • Western powers appeased Hitler in return for his “promise” to not make more demands. • British PM Neville Chamberlain called it “peace for our time.” • But in 1939, Hitler took ALL of western Czechoslovakia

  9. White Board • What pieces of land has Germany taken as their own and what has the L O N done.

  10. Hitler wants Poland • After Hitler demanded port city of Danzig, Britain promised to protect new independent country of Poland from Nazi aggression.

  11. Nazi-Soviet Pact • Fearful of a two-front war, Hitler signed the peace alliance with Communist USSR • Stalin was promised east Poland and the Baltic states • September 1, 1939 Hitler attacked Poland. Britain & France declared war. WWII had begun!

  12. Discuss • Why does Hitler want this land and why would he make a deal with Stalin

  13. Invasion of Poland • September 1, 1939 Hitler attacked Poland. Britain & France declared war. • WWII had begun!

  14. Japan Increases aggression • Back in 1931, seizure of mineral rich Chinese regionof Manchuria and created the puppet state of Manchukuo. • League of Nations condemned, so Japan withdrew!

  15. China weak due to civil wAR • Chiang Kai-shek- Nationalist Leader • Mao Ze Dong-Communist

  16. Japan Invades China • Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek tried to appease Japan by allowing it to govern areas in northern China. • But as Japan moved southward, in 1936 • Chiang stopped fighting Mao & the communists & created a united Chinese force vs. Japanese expansion. • In 1937, Japan began the “Rape of Nanjing.”

  17. Japan’s Asian Empire • Tokyo had hoped to force Chiang into a “New Order”, with Japan as the modern leader of East Asia. • Japan began to cooperate w. Nazi Germany and planned on a joint attack vs. the Soviet Union. • after the Nazi-Soviet Pact was signed, Japan had to look to Southeast Asia for needed resources.

  18. 11.2 A The Axis Powers AdvanceTHE TWO ALLIANCES ALLIES USA- Franklin D Roosevelt G.B-Winston Churchill USSR- Stalin FRANCE-De Gaulle CHINA- Mao AXIS POWERS Italy- Mussolini Japan-TOJO (Hirohito) Germany- Hitler

  19. Invasion of Poland Sept. 1, 1939 • blitzkrieg to conquer in only four weeks • -Lighting War quick attack from land and air • Hitler addressed Reichstag • “I am going into this struggle strong in heart. My whole life has been nothing but a struggle for Germany… I myself am ready to risk my life… I demand the same of everyone else…Anyone who thinks that he can oppose this national commandment… will die!” • Sept. 28, 1939, Germans & Soviets divided a conquered Poland.

  20. White Board • Based on Hitler's speech, what does he expect of his people.

  21. Nazis Advance • blitzkrieg attack took-Denmark ,Norway ,Netherlands, Belgium & France. • Germans went around the Maginot Line.(line of French fortification) • French & British troops caught off-guard & trapped at beaches. • “Miracle of Dunkirk.”- thousands of boats sail to rescue soldiers bring to GB

  22. France Conquered • France signed armistice on June 22. Most of France occupied by Nazis. • Authoritarian regime set up in south, called Vichy France. • Britain stood alone vs. Nazis & began to appeal to U.S. for help.

  23. White Board • How is the German Attack on France similar to that of WWI and how is it different?

  24. US Stays Out • Franklin D. Roosevelt denounced aggressors but U.S. followed strict policy of isolationism. • U.S. passed a series of neutrality acts, • Policies relaxed to provide supplies to Britain (eg. Lend-Lease Act- give and sell weapons to allies

  25. Germans Wants BritainBattle of Britain • Aug, 1940 the Luftwaffe launched major offensive vs. key British sites. • Britain developed radar & had broken German military code w. captured Enigma machine.

  26. Luftwaffe

  27. Churchill Takes Charge • Royal Air Force was outnumbered but fought bravely. • “Never before in the course of human history, have so many, owed so much, to so few.” (Winston Churchill) • Churchill’s Elected prime minister of Britain. • “We shall never surrender!”

  28. Discuss • Who was Churchill and what are his quotes trying to say?

  29. Britsh fight off the Nazi’s • bombing unified British vs. enemy, civilians slept in the Underground. • British quickly rebuilt air strength & began inflicting major losses vs.German bombers.

  30. Axis focus on Eastern Europe • Hitler took Greece & Yugoslavia 1941. • Italy tried but failed • Began to attack USSR • Hitler thought Soviet army was weak and could be defeated before winter.

  31. Germans Attack the Soviets • Germany captured two million Soviet soldiers! • An early winter & fierce Soviet resistance stalled advancing German soldiers, who were wearing summer uniforms!

  32. Japan Advances on the Pacific Front • December 7, 1941 Japan attaked US Navy at Pearl Harbor. • US stopped selling Steel and Oil and was the only major force in the Pacific • “A date thatwill live in infamy” (F.D.R.) • Congress declared war on Japan. • Pearl was devastated but aircraft carriers survived.

  33. Japanese take the Pacific • Japan attacked Philippines, Malaya, Dutch East Indies & other Pacific islands. • Defeated US and Filipino forces • Bataan Death March • 1942, Japan ControlledS.E. Asia • Named Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.

  34. White Board • Good or bad idea to attack Pearl Harbor for Japan? 1 reason why.

  35. Attack united American people • U.S. joined Allied Powers to fight the Axis Powers in European Theater& Pacific Theater • Grand Alliance of USSR, USA, & GB

  36. 11.2 B Allied Road to Victory • Gen. Erwin Rommel led AfrikaKorps to victories vs. British in N. Africa. • Hitler “British Empire will collapse.” • British stopped Rommel in 1942 at Battle of El Alamein, in Egypt (turning point in war.) • BRT & U.S. troops forced GRM & ITL to surrender in N. Africa in 1943.

  37. White Board • What vital Natural resource in in North Africa and the Middle East?

  38. Battle of Stalingrad -Soviets Advance E Front • (industrial city deep inside the Soviet Union.) was • extremely bloody. Soviets limited weapons • Night Witches (female Soviet pilots.) • Feb.1943 Soviets launched counterattack that encircled German forces & supply lines were cut off • in frigid winter conditions. Entire German Sixth Army surrendered!

  39. White Board • Why is this battle a turning point of the war?

  40. Allies Advance in Pacific • In Pacific, Battle of the Coral Sea, May, 1942 stopped Japanese advance and saved Australia from invasion. • Battle of Midway, U.S. planes destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers (US broke Japanese secret military code.) • U.S. naval supremacy.

  41. Allied forces in Pacific led two offensive campaigns • 1.One commanded by U.S. general Douglas MacArthur would reclaim Philippines, • “I shall return.” 2.“island hop” selected islands until reaching Japan.

  42. Discuss • Why use Island hopping instead of taking every single Island the Japanese controlled?

  43. Italy is attacked From N Africa • 1943 Sicily fell, Mussolini arrest by Victor Emmanuel III. • Italian govt. surrendered, • Mussolini escaped prison w. help of Nazi commandos, • Rome was finally captured in June, 1944. • Mussolini killed April, 1945

  44. D-Day & Liberations of France • Largest amphibious invasion in world history on June 6, 1944 (D-Day.) Crossed EnglishChannel & landed on beaches of Normandy FR, • German resistance was heavy, but slow to respond • Paris was liberated by Aug, 1944.

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