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Warm Up

Warm Up. After a volcanic eruption has covered an area with lava, which of the following is the most likely order of succession in the repopulation of the area? lichens →grasses →shrubs →trees mosses →grasses →lichens →trees grasses →trees →mosses →lichens

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up • After a volcanic eruption has covered an area with lava, which of the following is the most likely order of succession in the repopulation of the area? • lichens →grasses →shrubs →trees • mosses →grasses →lichens →trees • grasses →trees →mosses →lichens • shrubs →grasses →trees →lichens

  2. Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics

  3. Earth’s structure

  4. Earth’s structure continued. • Crust • Outer layer • Solid • Two types: oceanic and continental • Oceanic crust is more dense than continental

  5. Earth’s structure continued. • Lithosphere • the crust and the top part of the mantle (mostly solid) • All of the plates are in the lithosphere • Asthenosphere • the hotter, plastic (fluid-like) part of the mantle • The lithosphere floats on top of the asthenosphere

  6. Earth’s structure continued. Core • Inner core (solid) • Outer core (dense liquid)

  7. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukqe_6L9V54

  8. Pangaea 250 million years ago

  9. Plate movement Tectonic plates pieces of the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle, together referred to as the lithosphere.

  10. Plate movement Convection Currents the slow creeping motion of Earth's rocky mantle caused by convection currents carrying heat from the interior of the Earth to the surface

  11. Behold… the Plates!

  12. Plate boundaries Convergent = coming together Divergent = separating Transform = sliding past each other

  13. Three types of plate boundaries exist, characterized by the way the plates move relative to each other. They are associated with different types of surface phenomena.

  14. Plate boundaries continued… • Convergent boundaries • Cause formation of: • Ocean trenches • Mountains • volcanoes click here

  15. Convergent boundaries cont’d Subduction = when one plate moves under another plate Collisions are different (oceanic vs. continental crust)

  16. mariana dive big.mov

  17. Questions?

  18. Questions Which two layers of the Earth are solid? Crust, inner core Which layer contains the plates? lithosphere (crust, upper part of mantle) What may be causing the plates to move? Convection currents What are the two types of crust continental, oceanic

  19. Questions When two plates are moving toward each other it is called a _____ plate boundary. convergent _____ is when one plate moves under another plate subduction Convergent boundaries cause the formation of trenches, mountains, volcanoes

  20. Warm Up In most stable freshwater environments, populations of Daphnia are almost entirely female and reproduce asexually. However, males are observed in low oxygen environments or when food is scarce. Based on these observations, a researcher suggests that male Daphnia develop in response to unfavorable environmental conditions. This is an example of a law. theory. procedure. hypothesis.

  21. Divergent Boundaries

  22. Divergent Boundaries • As plates move apart, magma rises and fills in the gap. • This forms: • new oceanic crust • Mid-oceanic ridges • Rift valleys • Animation: http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

  23. Divergent boundaries

  24. Visit a Divergent Plate Boundary in Iceland http://www.icelandtouristboard.com/

  25. Visit a Divergent Plate Boundary in Iceland

  26. A Divergent Plate Boundary in Iceland

  27. Transform fault • Fault= the crack in earth created when rocks move. • Earthquakes • Animations: • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization • http://www.wwnorton.com/college/geo/egeo/flash/2_6.swf

  28. Evidence for Plate Tectonics Mid-oceanic ridges Row of underwater mountains a rift valley running along its spine. which is responsible for seafloor spreading and the formation of new crust.

  29. Evidence for Plate Tectonics Magnetic striping The seafloor spreading along rift valleys forms new rock with a magnetic fingerprint (patterns)

  30. Evidence for Plate Tectonics • video

  31. Questions?

  32. Questions • Which plate boundary is associated with subduction zones and the melting of rock? convergent • Which plate boundary is associated with faults? transform • Which plate boundary is associated with the formation of new oceanic crust? divergent

  33. Questions Two plates coming together convergent Two plates moving apart divergent Two plates moving past each other transform

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