1 / 23

Breast Cancer: Types, Symptoms, and Nursing Interventions

Explore the different types of breast cancer, clinical manifestations, medical and surgical management options, and essential nursing interventions for pre- and post-operative care.

klarika
Download Presentation

Breast Cancer: Types, Symptoms, and Nursing Interventions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Breast Cancer Hitham G. Falahi 4NU04

  2. The most common cancer in females…

  3. A malignant tumor of the breast, usually a carcinoma, rarely a sarcoma

  4. Risk Factors • Genetics- BRCA1 And BRCA 2 • Increasing age ( > 50yo) • Family History of breast cancer • Early menarche and late menopause • Late age at pregnancy • Nulliparity • Obesity • Hormonal replacement • Alcohol • Exposure to radiation

  5. Protective factors • Exercise • Breast feeding • Pregnancy before 30 yo

  6. Pathophysiology • Modifications of DNA of the breast epithelial duct cells • Chromosomal alterations, gene mutations, suppression of apoptosis • Modification of specific oncogenes or the loss of specific suppressor genes • Proliferation of breast cells • Tumor formation

  7. Types of Breast Cancer • Ductal Carcinoma in Situ • Invasive Ductal Carcinoma - tubular - medullary -mucinous -papillary -cribriform

  8. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma • Inflammatory Breast Cancer • Lobular Carcinoma in Situ • Paget’s Disease

  9. Clinical Manifestations • Local pain • Dimpling of the skin • Nipple retraction • Skin retraction • Edema • Nipple or areolar eczema • Pitting of the skin (peau d’ orange) • Reddened skin, local tenderness, and warmth

  10. Dilated blood vessels • Nipple discharge in nonlactating women • Ulceration • Hemorrhage • Edema of the arm • Chest pain

  11. Medical Management • Chemotherapy • Tamoxifen Therapy • Radiation Therapy

  12. Surgical Management • Radical Mastectomy • Modified Radical Mastectomy • Lumpectomy

  13. Breast Cancer NURSING INTERVENTION : PRE-OP • 1. Explain breast cancer and treatment options • 2. Reduce fear and anxiety and improve coping abilities • 3. Promote decision making abilities • 4. Provide routine pre-op care: • Consent, NPO, Meds, Teaching about breathing exercise

  14. Breast Cancer NURSING INTERVENTION : Post-OP 1. Position patient: • Supine • Affected extremity elevated to reduce edema

  15. Breast Cancer NURSING INTERVENTION : Post-OP 2. Relieve pain and discomfort • Moderate elevation of extremity • IM/IV injection of pain meds • Warm shower on 2nd day post-op

  16. Breast Cancer NURSING INTERVENTION : Post-OP 3. Maintain skin integrity • Immediate post-op: snug dressing with drainage • Maintain patency of drain (JP) • Monitor for hematoma w/in 12H and apply bandage and ice, refer to surgeon

  17. Breast Cancer NURSING INTERVENTION : Post-OP 3. Maintain skin integrity • Drainage is removed when the discharge is less than 30 ml in 24 H • Lotions, Creams are applied ONLY when the incision is healed in 4-6 weeks

  18. Breast Cancer NURSING INTERVENTION : Post-OP Promote activity • Support operative site when moving • Hand, shoulder exercise done on 2ndday • Post-op mastectomy exercise 20 mins TID • NO BP or IV procedure on operative site

  19. Breast Cancer NURSING INTERVENTION : Post-OP Promote activity • Heavy lifting is avoided • Elevate the arm at the level of the heart • On a pillow for 45 minutes TID to relieve transient edema

  20. Breast Cancer NURSING INTERVENTION : Post-OP MANAGE COMPLICATIONS • Lymphedema • 10-20% of patients • Elevate arms, elbow above shoulder and hand above elbow • Hand exercise while elevated • Refer to surgeon and physical therapist

  21. Breast Cancer NURSING INTERVENTION : Post-OP MANAGE COMPLICATIONS • Hematoma • Notify the surgeon • Apply bandage wrap (Ace wrap) and ICE pack

  22. Breast Cancer NURSING INTERVENTION : Post-OP MANAGE COMPLICATIONS Infection • Monitor temperature, redness, swelling and foul-odor • IV antibiotics • No procedure on affected extremity

  23. Breast Cancer NURSING INTERVENTION : Post-OP TEACH FOLLOW-UP care • Regular check-up • Monthly BSE on the other breast • Annual mammography

More Related