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Early Farmers. Overview. As societies grew, many bands found that they could no longer depend on hunting and gathering for their basic needs. Some early groups began to change from food collecting to food producing – growing crops and raising animals. Domesticate.
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Overview • As societies grew, many bands found that they could no longer depend on hunting and gathering for their basic needs. • Some early groups began to change from food collecting to food producing – growing crops and raising animals.
Domesticate • Changing from collecting to producing food meant that people no longer depended just on what they could find or hunt. • Instead, people learned to domesticate plants and animals. • Domesticate- to tame living things for people’s use.
Women and Domestication • Women did most of the food gathering, and may have been the first to domesticate plants. • They probably chose seeds from plants that were plentiful, healthy, fast growing, and good tasting. • Groups began growing crops in small gardens.
Villages • Growing crops meant that people in those groups had to stay in one place. The process of planting, caring for, and harvesting crops takes many months of constant care. • Early farming societies built year-round shelters and formed small villages.
Animals • Animals were an important resource in farming villages. • Dogs were the first domesticated animal, used to aide in hunting. • People later began to domesticate wild sheep and goats. These animals provided a steady supply of meat, milk, and wool. • Later domesticated animals included the cow, sheep, and pig.
Effects of Change • Agriculture- the raising of livestock (domesticated animals) and crop (domesticated plants) • Food Production increased as: • People invented tools such as the plow • Domesticated cattle to pull plows • Collected water for crops
Negative Effects • People had to raise enough crops to feed their domesticated animals • Deaths occurred due to starvation and disease when drought and insect attacks killed crops and livestock. • There were also deaths due to wars when people fought to protect farmland or to take land away from others.
War • People began to make weapons for war and to build walls around their farming villages for protection. • Inside Jericho, one of the first walled villages, people lived in mud-brick huts grouped inside the village’s stone walls.
Partner Discussion • Discuss together what this chart shows. Make sure you completely understand the domesticated crops and livestock in each area of the world, and are prepared for a question and answer session.
Review Questions • What major change took place in the food supply of early people? • What were some advantages and disadvantages of agriculture? • What is meant by diversity of agriculture?
