The Cardiovascular System

1. The Cardiovascular System By Victor Ruiz, Angelica Cain, and Jonathon Ford

2. Structure of the System • Heart • Lungs • Arteries • Veins • Arterioles • Venules • Capillaries

3. Functions of the Cardiovascular System • Transportation of blood. • Blood supply • Enriching blood cells with oxygen

4. Structures of the Heart • (insert diagram here)

5. Functions of the Heart • Pericardium - encloses the heart and the proximal ends of the large blood vessels. • Epicardium - protects the heart by reducing friction. • Myocardium – cardiac muscle tissue richly supplied with blood and lymph capillaries and nerve fibers. • Endocardium – consists of epithelium and connective tissue that contains many elastic and collagenous fibers.

6. Functions of the Heart • The heart is divided into four hollow chambers. Two on the left and two on the right. • Atria – The upper chambers that receive blood returning to the heart. • Ventricles – Lower chambers, receive blood from the atria and contract to force blood out of the heart into arteries.

7. Functions of the Heart • Septum – Separates the atrium and ventricle. • Tricuspid valve – permits blood to move from the right atrium into the right ventricle and prevents backflow. • Mitral valve(bicuspid valve) – blood passes through this • Pulmonary valve – Allows blood to leave the right ventricle and prevents backflow into the ventricular chamber.

8. Functions of the Heart • Papillary muscles – contracts when ventricles contracts. • Aorta – Large artery • Aortic valve – opens and allows blood to leave the left ventricle as it contracts.

10. Pathway of blood

11. Circulations

12. Major Organs of the Cardiovascular System • Arteries • Veins • Arterioles • Venules • Capillaries

13. Arteries • Are blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart. • Normally oxygenated blood. • More muscular than veins

14. Veins • Are blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. • Deoxygenated blood • Often closer to the skin and contain valves to keep blood flowing.

15. Arterioles, Venules, Capillaries • Arterioles • Connects arteries to a capillary to help control blood flow into a capillary. • Venules • Connects a capillary to a vein • Capillaries • Provides a membrane through which nutrients, gases, and wastes are exchanged between the blood and tissue fluid. Also connects an arteriole to a venule.

16. Heart Sounds • Lubbdupplubbdupplubbdupp • These are the sounds that the heart makes • Lubb – occurs during ventricular contraction. • Dupp – occurs during ventricular relaxation

17. Blood Components • Plasma (clear extracellular fluid) • Formed Elements, which are made up of the blood cells and platelets. • Platelets – involved in hemostasis and formation of blood clots. • White blood cells – involved in defending the body • Red blood cells • Bright red – Oxygenated • Dark red – Deoxygenated

18. Plasma 55% • 45% Formed Elements

19. Functions of Blood • Transport • Gases (Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide) • Nutrients • Waste • Hormones • Heat • Protection • White Blood Cells destroy invading microorganisms • Antibodies destroy pathogenic substances • Platelet initiates blood clotting minimizing blood loss • Regulation • Blood regulates water balance

20. Blood Types • Antigens (Antibody Generator) • Starts the production of one or more antibodies. • Immune system will destroy or neutralize any antigen that is foreign to the body. • Antibodies • Used by immune system to identify and neutralize bacteria and viruses.

21. Blood Types • Rh Factor • + Has the D antigen • - Does not have the D antigen • 1 one of the thirty current human blood group systems • It is the most likely to provoke an immune system response

22. Blood Types • A+ • 1 A antigen • 1 B Antibody • Has the D antigen

23. Blood Types • B+ • 1 B Antigen • 1 A Antibody • Has the D antigen

24. Blood Types • AB+ • Has both A and B antigens • No Antibodies • Has the D antigen

25. Blood Types • O+ • Has no A or B Antigens • Has both A and B antibodies • Has the D antigen

26. Blood Types • A- • 1 A antigen • 1 B Antibody • Has no D antigen

27. Blood Types • B- • 1 B Antigen • 1 A Antibody • Has no D antigen

28. Blood Types • AB- • Has both A and B antigens • No Antibodies • Has no D Antigen

29. Blood Types • O- • Has no A or B Antigens • Has both A and B antibodies • Has no D antigen

30. Blood Transfusion

31. Lipoproteins • A biochemical containing proteins and lipids. • Transports lipids through the bloodstream • Classified by density. • Chylomicrons carry fat from intestines to liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. • VLDL (Very-low-density lipoproteins) carry triglycerides from the liver to adipose tissue • IDL (Intermediate-density lipoproteins) are intermediate between VLDL and LDL. • LDL (Low-density lipoproteins) carries cholesterol from liver to cells of the body • HDL (High-density lipoproteins) collect cholesterol from the body’s tissues and to the liver.

32. Diseases/Disorders • Sickle-Cell • Autosomal Recessive Genetic Blood Disorder • Red Blood cells have an abnormal sickle shape. Decreases Cells’ flexibility. • Resulting in • Strokes, Decreased immune system reaction, blindness, silent stroke, Chronic pain. • Life expectancy 42-48

33. Diseases/Disorders • Atherosclerosis • The artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials such as cholesterol and triglyceride. • Healthy diet • Exercise • Avoid Smoking

34. The End! Thank you for listening!