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The Rise of Industry

The Rise of Industry. 1868-1890 Most drab in the nation’s political history WHY? The true political rulers were the “captains of industry” who cared less about the nation’s problems. An Economic Revolution. What helped to fuel this Industrial Revolution?.

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The Rise of Industry

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  1. The Rise of Industry

  2. 1868-1890 Most drab in the nation’s political history WHY? The true political rulers were the “captains of industry” who cared less about the nation’s problems An Economic Revolution

  3. What helped to fuel this Industrial Revolution? • Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s. • Electric Power 1. 2.

  4. Causes of Rapid Industrialization • Technological innovations a. Telegraph- Samuel F.B. Morse b. Typewriter-Christopher Sholes c. Telephone- Alexander Graham Bell

  5. 4. Raw Materials-Natural Resources 5. Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance. “Captains of Industry” Talented Businessmen Causes of an Economic Revolution

  6. Thomas Alva Edison “Wizard of Menlo Park” Did he really steal his ideas from Nikola Tesla?

  7. The Light Bulb

  8. The Phonograph (1877)

  9. The Ediphone or Dictaphone

  10. The Motion Picture Camera

  11. Alexander Graham Bell Telephone (1876)

  12. The Airplane Wilbur Wright Orville Wright Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903

  13. Model T Automobile Henry FordI want to pay my workers so that they can afford my product!

  14. Railroads Connect the Nation:The Iron Horse C.F. Dowd- Uniform Time Zone

  15. The West and the Railroads! Driving the Golden Spike! Union Pacific Railroad: build westward from Omaha, NE Central Pacific Railroad: build eastward from Sacramento, CA

  16. The Chinese Workers: Croker’s Pets • Racism, low wages, long working hours, dangerous working conditions, and difficult weather conditions

  17. Scandals Lie Beneath the Tracks • Credit Mobilier- construction company that built the Union Pacific Railroad. • Bribery and Corruption!!!!!!

  18. The Grange Fights for Regulation • Oliver Kelley-Patrons of Husbandry (Grange) • What railroad activity angered the Grangers, and how they try to alleviate the problem? • 1. • 2.

  19. Railroads Are a Public Utility • Public utility: • Bloc: • Munn vs. Illinois (1877) • Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

  20. The ‘Robber Barons’ of the Past “Robber Barons” or “Captains of Industry”

  21. Wall Street – 1867 & 1900

  22. Carnegie Is the Steel Captain Business Practices: 1. 2. 3. Andrew Carnegie

  23. Trusts: John D. Rockefeller Key TermsIndustrial Age

  24. Business Organization Merger: Holding Company A company that buys controlling amounts of stock in related companies, thus becoming the majority shareholder, and holding considerable say over each company's business operations.

  25. New Financial Businessman The Banker, the Broker and the Baron! • J. Pierpont Morgan

  26. Interlocking directorate:

  27. New Type of Business Entities • Standard Oil Co. • Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) • Impossible to Enforce

  28. Vertical integration (consolidation): Horizontal integration (consolidation):

  29. U. S. Corporate Mergers

  30. New Business Culture • Laissez Fairethe ideology of the Industrial Age. • Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace. • The market was not man-made or invented. • No room for government in the market!

  31. 2.Social Darwinism • British economist. • Advocate of laissez-faire. • Adapted Darwin’s ideas from the “Origin of Species” to humans. • Notion of “Survival of the Fittest.” Herbert Spencer

  32. New Business Culture:“The American Dream?” • Protestant (Puritan) “Work Ethic” Horatio Alger Novels more than 100+ published Hard Work, Honesty, and Luck!

  33. The Gospel of Wealth:Religion in the Era of Industrialization • Wealth no longer looked upon as bad. • Viewed as a sign of God’s approval. • Christian duty to accumulate wealth.

  34. Andrew Carnegie • Unlike many of his contemporaries, Carnegie practiced what he preached and spent his last years giving away his vast fortune. • One of his many charitable ventures was the funding of more than 2,800 public libraries. • Carnegie wrote, “The man who dies rich dies disgraced.”

  35. Standard Oil Company

  36. The Protectors of Our Industries

  37. The ‘Bosses’ of the Senate

  38. Walking Cities vs. the “new” Suburbs Mass Transit: Subways, trolley cars, and suspension bridges. Magnet for economic and social opportunities. New frontier of opportunity for women. Squalid living conditions for many. Political machines. Ethnic neighborhoods. Many types of entertainment and culture. Characteristics of UrbanizationDuring the Gilded Age

  39. Main urban problems?Urbanization: • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5.

  40. “Dumbbell Tenement”

  41. Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lived(1890) • He hoped to generate support for reform of the tenement “system.” • He used a new technology called “flash photography.”

  42. Tenement Slum Living

  43. Lodgers Huddled Together The 5 cent Spot

  44. Tenement Slum Living

  45. Ran the politics for the political parties Both had political bosses but Democrats had the most Political Bosses

  46. Voters Support Political Machines • Why? • Positive: • Negative: • Municipal Graft: • Tweed Ring:

  47. The Tweed Ring in NYC William Marcy Tweed (notorious head of Tammany Hall’s political machine) [ThomasNast crusading cartoonist/reporter]

  48. Who Stole the People’s Money? The Tweed Ring was finally broken in 1871

  49. The New Immigrants Arrive A better life Religious persecution Political freedoms Revolution and War Millions Came Daily!

  50. Old Immigrants New Immigrants

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