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Art History Chapter 1 Prehistory

Art History Chapter 1 Prehistory. Enduring Understanding 1.1.

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Art History Chapter 1 Prehistory

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  1. Art HistoryChapter 1 Prehistory

  2. Enduring Understanding 1.1 • Human expression existed across the globe before the written record. While prehistoric art of Europe has been the focus of many introductions to the history of art, very early art is found worldwide and shares certain features, particularly concern with the natural world and humans’ place within it.

  3. Enduring Understanding 1.1 • Defined in terms of geological eras or major shifts in climate and environment. Human Behavior & expression was influenced by the changing environments in which they lived. • Earliest peoples were small groups of hunter-gatherers. Paramount concern was survival, resulting in the creation of practical objects. Practical tools, ritual and symbolic works. Established artistic media: ceramics, painting, incised graphic designs, sculpture, and architecture.

  4. Enduring Understanding 1-2 • First instances of important artistic media, approaches, and values occurred on different continents, with Africa and Asia preceding and influencing other areas as the human population spread. • Awareness of fundamental, stable phenomena: macrocosmic ( astronomical cyces), microcosmic (available materials in environment: jade, clay..)

  5. Enduring Understanding 1-2 • Origins of Humanity understood to have begun in Africa & radiated outward. Typically 2-D geometric representations of life forms & natural materials • Paleolithic communities in West, Central, South, Southeast & East between 70,000 & 40,000 BCE • Pacific regions, migrations from Asia aprox 45,000 yrs ago due to lowered sea levels

  6. Enduring Understanding 1-2 • Paleolithic & Neolilithic Europe’s human figural sculptures provided glimpses into ritual life & showed the connections of naturalism (cosmos, fertility) and abstraction found throughout art’s history. • American continent, indigenous peoples (migrated from Asia before 10,000 BCE) makd sculptures from animal bone & later from clay. Animals & sacred humans dominant subject matter.

  7. Enduring Understanding 1-3 • Over time, art historians’ knowledge of global prehistoric art has developed through interdisciplinary collaboration with social and physical scientists. • Ongoing archaeological excavations & use of carbon-14 dating • Stratigraphic archaeology • Function inferred from evidence of technology & survival strategies, culture, food sources

  8. 1-4 Venus of Willendorf Flashcard Subtractive Sculpture

  9. Flashcard 1-10 Spotted Horses and negative hand imprints

  10. New APAH Apollo 11 Stones

  11. Flashcard 1-11 Hall of the Bulls TWISTED PERSPECTIVE – combination of frontal and side view. Frontal Side view (profile) faculty.evansville.edu/.../sum04/art105-12.html

  12. Camelid sacrum in the shape of a canine. Tequixquiac, central Mexico 14,000-7000 BCE Bone

  13. Earliest example of rock art • Dotted marks indicate body paint • Featureless face • White parallel patterns represent flowing raffia decor • Horns shown in twisted perspective or composite are part of ceremonial attire Running horned woman. Tassili n’Ajjer, Algeria. 6000-4000 BCE

  14. Bushel with ibex motifs. Susa, Iran. 4200-3500 BCE. Painted terra cotta https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eeNfDr4ojZg#t=199

  15. Terra cotta fragment. Lapita, Solomon Islands, Reef Islands. 1000 BCE

  16. The Ambum stone • Pre-historic zoomorphic figure, • Possibly representing the embryo of a long-beaked echidna (spiny anteater) • 3500 years ago

  17. Tlatilco Female figure, 1200–900 B.C. Ceramic with traces of pigment

  18. Jade cong Liangzhu, China 3300-2200 BCE Carved jade http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/jade-cong.html

  19. Anthropormorphic stele. Arabian Peninsula. Fourth millennium BCE Sandstone.

  20. Flashcard 1-16 Level VI Catal Hoyuk, Turkey faculty.evansville.edu/.../sum04/art105-12.html http://catal.arch.cam.ac.uk/visit/Neolithic/B5EN.html COMPOSITE RECONSTRUCTION DRAWING OF A SHRINE ROOM

  21. Megaliths Trilithon Cromlech or henge Post and Lintel Lintel Post

  22. Flashcard Significant astronomical alignments at Stonehenge 1-19 Stonehenge faculty.evansville.edu/.../sum04/art105-12.html

  23. Historical Context • Time period: 30,000 BCE – 2300 BCE • Paleolithic – old stone age • Mesolithic –Middle Stone Age • Neolithic – New Stone Age • Hunter Gatherers to towns with permanent houses • No written language – unable to understand art’s meaning – must speculate • Tool – burin used to incise (scratch)

  24. Stylistic Characteristics Paleolithic – mostly animals Cave paintings Sculptures – relief, subtractive, in the round Animals – strict profile Humans – twisted or composite perspective (combined front & side view) Megaliths, trilithons, cromlechs/henge, post & lintel

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