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Integumentary System

Integumentary System. Membranes. Thin, sheet-like structures that: Cover and protect body surfaces Line body cavities Line hollow organs Cover organs Anchor organs Reduce friction. Epithelial Membranes. Composed of Epithelial tissues and specialized connective tissue

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Integumentary System

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  1. Integumentary System

  2. Membranes • Thin, sheet-like structures that: • Cover and protect body surfaces • Line body cavities • Line hollow organs • Cover organs • Anchor organs • Reduce friction

  3. Epithelial Membranes • Composed of Epithelial tissues and specialized connective tissue • Three types of Epithelial membranes • Cutaneous • Serous • Mucous

  4. Cutaneous • Primary organ of the integumentary system (Skin) • Makes up roughly 16% of total body weight • Three main functions of skin • Prevents infection • Prevents desiccation • Thermoregulation

  5. Serous • Found only on surfaces of closed cavities - Parietal: lines body cavities - Visceral: cover surface of organs - Pleura: Serous membranes in the thoracic cavity - Peritoneum: Serous membranes in the abdominal cavity

  6. Mucous • Epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior • Respiratory tract • Digestive tract • Urinary tract • Reproductive tract

  7. Mucous (cont.) • Mucocutaneous junction – “Fusion” where skin and mucous membranes meet. • Junctions lack accessory organs such as sweat glands and hair • Eyelids and nasal openings are examples

  8. Connective Membranes • Composed of connective tissue only • Synovial membrane

  9. Synovial membrane • Lines the spaces between bones and joints • Smooth , slick and secrete lubricating synovial fluid

  10. Skin

  11. Epidermis • Outermost layer of skin, contains stratum germinativum and stratum corneum

  12. Stratum Germinativum • Undergo mitosis and reproduce themselves • Move towards the surface and specialize • Cells contain cytoplasm • Melanocytes produce melanin to protect from U.V.

  13. Movement through the Epidermis • Cells move upward from stratum germinativum to stratum corneum (2-4 weeks)

  14. Stratum Corneum • Tough outer layer of epidermis • Cytoplasm in cells are replaced by keratin • Tough and waterproof • Roughly 40,000 cells are lost per minute • 10 lbs per year!!

  15. Dermal-epidermal junction • Thin area “glues” epidermis to dermis • If this area is damaged, blisters form

  16. Hair shaft Sudoriforis gland

  17. Dermis • Mostly connective tissue • Stretchable and elastic • Fingerprints develop here (dermal papillae) • Most of the appendages of skin are located here.

  18. Appendages of Skin • Hair Follicles - layer of skin that holds the hair • Papilla of Hair – site of hair growth • Hair Shaft- visible part of hair • Arrector Pili – muscle attached to hair (goose bumps) • Meissner’s Corpuscle – senses light touch • Sebaceous Glands – secrete oil (sebum) to prevent the skin from drying • Sudoriforis Glands

  19. Sudoriferous Glands • Eccrine • Most numerous • Distributed over the total body surface • Produce perspiration • Eliminates ammonia and uric acid • Maintains constant temperature • Apocrine • Found in armpit and around the genitals • Secrete thicker, milky secretion

  20. Subcutaneous Fatty Tissue • Insulates the body from extremes of heat and cold • Source of stored NRG • Pads and protects underlying tissues

  21. Functions of Integumentary System • Protection • Thermoregulation * • Prevent infection * • Sense organ activity • Prevent desiccation *

  22. Disorders of the Skin

  23. Lesions • Any measurable variation from the normal structure of skin • Freckles • Warts • Blisters • Scratch • Acne

  24. Burns • Damage to the skin resulting from: • Extreme heat • Extreme cold • Overexposure to U.V. rays • Contact with electric current • Chemicals

  25. 1st degree • Minor discomfort • Reddening of skin • Mostly epidermis damaged • Tissue destruction minimal • Example - sunburn

  26. 2nd degree • Blisters • Severe pain • Damage to appendages of skin • Deep epidermis and dermis damaged

  27. 3rd degree • Complete destruction of the epidermis, dermis, and part of the SCFT • Lesions are insensitive to pain • Patients rarely die from the burn itself (complications)

  28. Used to determine the extent of a burn “Rule of Nines”

  29. Infections • The skin is the body’s first line of defense so it is commonly infected • Impetigo: staph infection • Tinea: Ringworm, jock itch, athlete’s foot • Warts: caused by the papilloma virus

  30. Skin Cancer • Abnormal cells reproduce uncontrollably • Risk factors include: • Genetic predetermination • Excessive exposure to UV radiation • Stress

  31. Squamous cell carcinoma • Most common type of skin cancer • Slow growing • Cancer will metastasize (invade other organs) if not treated

  32. Basal cell carcinoma • Usually occurs on the upper face • Begins at basal layer of stratum germinativum • Less likely to metastasize than other skin cancers

  33. Melanoma • Most serious form of skin cancer • Causes death in 1:4 cases • Often develops from moles

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