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Diabetes the facts

Learn about Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes, their differences, treatment methods, and management plans. Understand the symptoms of hypo/hyperglycemia and how to support individuals with diabetes. Discover how Type 2 Diabetes can be managed through diet, exercise, and medications. Personalize care through person-centered approaches and recognize the importance of individualized treatment. Connect with healthcare professionals for more information on diabetes care.

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Diabetes the facts

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  1. Diabetes the facts Caring for people with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

  2. Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes • There are 2 major types of Diabetes; Type 1. and Type 2. • They are very different diseases, which are caused in different ways, and require different treatment and management plans. • Both type 1 and type 2 forms of diabetes mean that the body can no longer metabolise glucose effectively, Insulin ( the hormone which regulates blood glucose levels) has either stopped being produced, or has been greatly reduced and the blood glucose rises, which will eventually cause damage to the organs. • Type 1 accounts for only 10% of the number of people who have diabetes in the UK, and is a relatively rare condition. • Type 2 accounts for the other 90%.

  3. Antipsychotic Medication and increased risk of Type 2 diabetes It is recognised that patients taking antipsychotic medication are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This is due to weight gain, reduced levels of exercise and poor dietary intake. Regular screening is important, checking HBA1c every 2-3 months. Weight monitored every 3 months Diet and exercise advice and support given. Supportive educational interventions given consistently to ensure understanding.

  4. Features of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.

  5. Treatment and Management of Type 1 Diabetes. • Type 1 Diabetes is treated by a combination of Insulin administration, either through daily subcutaneous injections or a continuous insulin pump. • Regular blood glucose monitoring to ensure maintenance of near normal blood glucose levels. • Regular exercise to encourage better blood glucose control, and reduce weight gain. • Carbohydrate monitoring.

  6. Hypoglycaemia (Hypo) blood glucose below 4 • It is quite normal for people with Type 1 Diabetes to experience low blood glucose levels from time to time, and this can be quickly rectified by giving fast acting carbohydrate, such as glucose. • The symptoms of low blood sugar ( Hypoglycaemia) require immediate action to avoid unconsciousness. • Hypoglycaemia can be felt by people with Diabetes at different levels of blood glucose, however as a general rule if the blood glucose is below 4 it is time to eat, usually something which can reach the bloodstream quickly such as fruit juice, glucose tablets, jelly babies (people with Type 1 are encouraged to carry fast acting carbohydrate with them at all times) • After giving fast acting carbohydrate some slow acting carbohydrate should be eaten such as a banana, piece of toast or some biscuits.

  7. Symptoms of Hypoglycaemia

  8. What to do when someone is experiencing a hypo • Ask the patient if they are having a hypo, ask if they have any glucose, fruit juice to hand and administer immediately. Approx 3 glucose tablets, or 150 ml of fruit juice. • Check the blood glucose as soon as possible, and check again after 15 minutes to make sure it is going up. • Remember the patient may be feeling confused, agitated, grumpy and hungry, if they will accept your instructions help them to take the fast acting carbohydrate, and get them to sit down, on the floor if necessary.

  9. Hyperglycaemia (High Blood Glucose) blood glucose above 9 between meals • Patients may refuse to take their medication due to their mental health issues. • It can take time to stabilise medication with diet and lifestyle. • Regular monitoring and support for patients is very important to ensure blood glucose levels remain as near to normal levels as possible • Ability to give extra medication through medical consultation with clear care plans.

  10. Type 2 Diabetes This type of Diabetes can often be managed on diet alone, or diet and oral medication, sometimes the patient will also require insulin, if the blood glucose levels can not be maintained within acceptable limits. Type 2 diabetes can be reversed through diet, exercise and weight management.

  11. Person Centred Care No two people with a diagnosis of diabetes will be the same in terms of treatment, management, symptoms and approach . It is important to identify the expertise of the patient who has had a diagnosis for a long time. Also to recognise the confusion, denial and anger of a newly diagnosed patient.

  12. Physical health leads Edwin Soda ( Enfield) TazMhizha ( Barnet) Judith Nazare ( Haringey) Diabetes.org.uk For more information.

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