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Taking off from Poverty: Reducing Risk and Vulnerability

Taking off from Poverty: Reducing Risk and Vulnerability. 1. Methodology This presentation is based on the information collected from secondary sources and experience of PKSF and IDF on addressing poverty in Bangladesh. 2. Vulnerability

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Taking off from Poverty: Reducing Risk and Vulnerability

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  1. Taking off from Poverty: Reducing Risk and Vulnerability 1. Methodology This presentation is based on the information collected from secondary sources and experience of PKSF and IDF on addressing poverty in Bangladesh. 2. Vulnerability • Inability to withstand the effect of a hostile environment; • A window of vulnerability is a time frame within which defensive measures are minimum or reduced; • State of having little resistance to some outside agent and can easily be hurt, harmed physically or mentally or emotionally.

  2. 3. Risk • Risk is the potential of loses or gains from an action; • Risk is the potential of losing something of values such as physical health, social status, emotional wellbeing or financial wealth from a given action; • Risk can also be defined as the intentional interaction with uncertainty. The major practice areas: • Economic risk • Health • Safety and environment • IT & information • Business • Insurance

  3. 4. Causes of Poverty 4.1 Inheritance 4.2 Diseases/sickness/illness/epidemic 4.3 Natural Disasters (Floods, damage & erosion of river banks, cyclones, earth quakes etc.) 4.4 Accidents 4.5 Poor or No education 4.6 Monga (seasonal employment & food shortages) 4.7 Population growth & rising of landlessness 4.8 Rule of law 4.9 Malnutrition

  4. 5.1 a) Initiatives and Programs of Government • Vulnerable Group Development (VGD) • Vulnerable GroupFeeding (Mainly after disaster when Ag. • production disrupted) • Food for Work (Test Relief) • Post Disaster Relief • Pension/Cash transfer for the elderly, window and • insolvent freedom fighter • Cash transfer for girls education • Rural Road maintenance Program • Microcredit program

  5. The other special programs of the Government are: • Financial Assistance to poultry & livestock sector. • Fund for housing the homeless • Employment program for unemployed youth • Abashan project • Risks Fund for Natural Disaster

  6. a) GOB Budget 2014-15 in core Tk.

  7. 5.2 b) Water Resources Management Plan in GOB Budget 2014-15 • Preserve and maintain nearly 52 km of river banks by FY 2015-16; • Make 1.63 lakh hectares of land free from flood and expand irrigation facilities to 54 thousand hectares of land in the next 5 fiscal years; • Excavate 192 km and re-excavate 2,111 km of irrigation canals. In addition, 204 irrigation structures will be built along with the repair of an additional 279 structures. Furthermore, 6709 km of discharge canals will be excavated and, where necessary, re-excavated; • iv) Construct 1,209 km of embankment, repair and maintain over 15,358km, construct and repair over 4,540 flood control structures and preserve, repair and maintain, as per necessity, 1,443 km of embankment;

  8. v) Carry out capital dredging in the major rivers like the Ganga- Padma, the Brahmaputra- Jamuna and the Meghna. Side by side, regular dredging will continue in the Buriganga, the Turag, the Pungliand the Dhaleshshari rivers; vi) Reclaim land from sea by constructing Swandip- Urirchar –Noakhali cross dam, infrastructure and circular dams around char Alexander, char Mainka -char Islam-char Montaj cross-dam to prevent intrusion of saline water; vii) Build cross dam in the coastal areas to reclaim 20,000 hectares of land.

  9. 5.3 PKSF • - Microfinance • - ENRICH programme • - PROSPER • - Insurance programme • - Disaster Management • - Ujjibito • - Scholarship programme • Agriculture and Livestock programme • for the poor

  10. 5.4 IDF • - Microfinance • Training on IGAs and adequate capital with • technical support to poor and ultra poor • - Regular EDBM training • - Education (Grade 1 & 2) for poor children • - Health programme • - Insurance • - Health • - Life (Khudra Rin Bima) • - Risk Insurance for IGAs • - Small Solar Home System for the poor • Disaster • Rehabilitation & Displaced families in CHTs • Awareness raising on Land Ownership and Legal • support to tribal landless in CHTs.

  11. 6. Impacts of various programs & initiatives • 6.1 Poverty • Category 2009 2013 • Living in Poverty 33.4% 19.4% • Living in extreme poverty 26.4% 11.9% • Declining incidence of poverty: 2.47% per year since 1991-92 (HIES 2010) • Poverty Rate : 31.5% (2013, UNDP) • 6.2 Mortality Rate (Source: World Bank Report) • Category 1990 2000 2010 • Infant 103.5 65.9 38.0 • Child under 5 149.4 85.7 47.8 • Adult Female 308.2 170.6 137.1 • Adult Male 321.7 178.8 162.7

  12. 6.3 Life Expectancy at Birth • Category 1990 2000 2010 • Male 53.4 64.6 68.0 • Female 54.8 64.8 69.3 • 6.4 Education (Source : World Bank) • 2010 • - Enrolment (Primary) 92% • - Adult Literacy 59% • - Youth female (15-24) 82% • 1990/91 2011 • Net enrolment in primary edn. 60.5 98.7 • Pupils reached grade 5 43.0 79.5 • Literacy rate (15+) 37.2 59.82

  13. 7. Conclusions • Achievements • Various programmes and initiatives are taken by • government and non-government organizations • Reduced poverty during the past years • Health status improved • Enrollment at primary level increased • Literacy rate increased • Life expectancy rate at birth increased • Morality rate reduced

  14. Future Threats • Every year thousands of families are losing their lands of families are losing their lands and houses due to damages and erosion of river banks resulting continuous addition in the stock of poor and extreme poor in spite of various measures taken by the Government. Poverty free Bangladesh could not created unless we cannot stop it. • Sufferings of people irrespective of races and religions in CHTs is increasing.

  15. Recommendations • To undertake sustainable river bank development program as China took for their Hung Fu river. The banks built in Huang Fu will last for many many years. It includes roads, water ways, lakes and water reservoirs, fisheries, resorts, social afforestation, parks and gardens, many modern settlements and growth centres. • Rule of law is necessary to bring poverty free society and peace in CHTs which has increase potential. • ENRICH program of PKSF should be used and all relevant programs of the Government can be coordinated supervised and implemented in order to transform all Unions of the country into planned and modern settlement and upazila headquarters as modern and satellite towns.

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