Sharing Knowledge Through Interactive Reading

1. Sharing Knowledge ThroughInteractive Reading a reading comprehension training module

2. Teachers have so much information to share.How well are you sharing yours with students? Discuss with your neighbor how you share information in your class.

3. Read handout # 1 and get ready for a pop quiz. 1. What differentiates a plow agricultural system from a hoe agricultural system? 2. Why was there a reduced value placed on women in colonial Virginia? 3. What does the word exigencies mean? 4. What were the Renaissance scientific theories about women and work? 5. How did the skewed sex ratio contribute to failure to diversify?

4. Let’s list the problems this instructional procedure created.

5. The Components of Reading Comprehension Instruction • Before Reading • Setting purpose • Activating Prior Knowledge • Predicting • Questioning • During Reading • Self-Monitoring • Self-Correcting • Clarifying • Inferring • Visualizing • Supporting peers • After Reading • Reteaching peers • Discussing • Summarizing • Writing in Response to Reading It is during the process of interaction among components that reading comprehension is most likely to occur.

6. Before Reading Activities Setting a Purposefor Reading • Activating Prior Knowledge • Predicting • Questioning

7. Before Reading Activities Setting a Purpose for Reading Establishing a reason to read, comprehend, remember, and then apply to the future.

8. Before Reading Activities Setting a Purpose for Reading You have just purchased a new grill. Of course, it comes disassembled with directions for assembling it. What is your purpose for reading the directions?

9. Before Reading Activities For what purposes might you read the following? • Recipes • Scripts • Book or movie reviews • Memos from the boss • Menus • Magazines • Newspapers

10. Before Reading Activities Activating Prior Knowledge Recalling information processed and stored by the reader(s) provides links to new knowledge.

11. Can your prior knowledge tell you what this graphic means?

12. Before Reading Activities Activating Prior Knowledge Let’s revisit the article about women in Colonial Virginia and let’s set a purpose for reading and activate our prior knowledge. Handout #1

13. Before Reading Activities Setting a Purposefor Reading • Activating Prior Knowledge

14. Before Reading Activities Predicting Making a forecast of what the text contains based on patterns and prior knowledge.

15. Before Reading Activities Predicting Predict what will happen next to Old Faithful and to Reggie.

16. Before Reading Activities Predicting Examine the cover art for The Whipping Boy by Sid Fleischman and predict what the story will be about. Then listen to the first chapter and predict which character is going to be the protagonist. Discuss your ideas with those around you.

17. Cover Art by Broeck Steadman used with permission from Troll School and Library, 100 Corporate Drive Mahwah, New Jersey

18. Before Reading Activities Setting a Purposefor Reading Predicting citizenship Read the paragraph which follows and predict what the rest of the passage will contain.

19. Before Reading Activities Predicting and Purpose Setting Being a citizen means being a part of a country or community. Citizens usually share a common history, common customs, and common values. They agree to abide by a set of rules and to accept the government’s authority. Record your predictions on the graphic organizer.

20. Before Reading Activities Setting a Purposefor Reading Questioning Developing inquiries about the text that will direct readers toward the purpose for reading.

21. Questioning • Four types of questions: • Memory • Convergent thinking • Divergent thinking • Evaluative thinking Ciardiello, A. V. (1998).“Did you ask a good question today? Alternative cognitive and metacognitive strategies.” Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy 42:3.

22. Questioning • Memory questions: • Signal words: who, what , where, when • Cognitive operations: naming, defining, identifying, designating • Examples: • What is the definition for democracy? • When does the 21st century begin? • Ask a memory question of your partner. Ciardiello, A. V. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy 42:3.

23. Questioning • Convergent thinking questions: • Signal words: why, how, in what ways • Cognitive operations: explaining, stating relationships, comparison/contrast • Example: In what ways is the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa similar to the civil rights movement in the United States? • Ask a convergent thinking question of your partner. Ciardiello, A. V. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy 42:3

24. Questioning • Divergent thinking questions: • Signal words: imagine, predict, if…then, how might, what are some possible consequences • Cognitive operations: predicting, hypothesizing, inferring, reconstructing • Example: What are some possible consequences of the fall of communism in Eastern Europe? • Ask a divergent thinking question of your partner. Ciardiello, A. V. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy 42:3

25. Questioning • Evaluative thinking questions: • Signal words: defend, justify, judge • Cognitive operations: valuing, judging, defending, justifying choices • Example: What do you think of capital punishment for drug dealers? • Ask an evaluative thinking question of your partner. Ciardiello, A. V. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy 42:3

26. Before Reading Activities Setting a Purposefor Reading Questioning Turn these headings into questions • The New England Colonies • The Pilgrims • The Puritans and the Great Migration • Massachusetts Bay Colony • Discontented Colonists Establish New Colony

27. Before Reading Activities Setting a Purposefor Reading Questioning Turn more headings into questions • The Experiment at Jamestown • The Early Years • Tobacco and Prosperity • Warfare and Native Americans

28. Major Sources of Marine Pollution Formulate questions and answer them with partners.

29. During Reading Activities Predicting while reading Making a forecast of what the text will contain based on patterns and prior knowledge.

30. Predicting while reading Predict what will happen to Old Faithful and to Larry.

31. During Reading Activities Predicting while reading A 60-year-old couple was celebrating their 40 years of marriage. During the celebration a fairy appeared and said, “Because you have been such a loving couple all those years, I would like to give you each one wish.”

32. During Reading Activities Predicting while reading The wife quickly chimed in, “I want to travel around the world.” The fairy waved her wand and POOF! She had the tickets in her hand. Next it was the husband’s turn. He paused for a moment and then said shyly,

33. During Reading Activities Predicting while reading “ Well, I’d like to have a wife 30 years younger than me.” The fairy picked up her wand and POOF! He was 90...

34. During Reading Activities Self-Monitoring A reader recognizing his own level of understanding and knowing what to do when the text does not seem to match up with what he presumes to be correct.

35. During Reading Activities Self-Correcting A reader fixing his own miscues and/or rereading text because it seems to contradict his predictions and assumptions.

36. During Reading Activities Self-MonitoringSelf-Correcting Two parts: Pronunciation - the reader recognizes that something sounds wrong. Meaning - the reader recognizes that he has missed the meaning. In either case the reader must correct himself!

37. During Reading Activities Self-MonitoringSelf-Correcting The reader must notice and correct his own errors! If readers do not notice an error, partners and coaches can say, “Try that again,” but should refrain from correcting the reader.

38. During Reading Activities Self-MonitoringSelf-Correcting Read aloud with partners “Nature of the Covalent Bond.” Find and correct your own pronunciation errors. Also, stop at the end of each paragraph to monitor your own understanding by restating the main idea. Trade roles. Handout #2

39. This is the end of part 1 ofInteractive Reading Please load part 2 and continue.

40. Sharing Knowledge throughInteractive Reading Created by Kay Grandstaff Harrisonburg City Schools Catherine Rosenbaum Virginia Department of Education Kathleen Smith Virginia Department of Education Maria Tsuchiya Richmond City Schools a reading comprehension training module Piloted at Lancaster Middle School under the direction of Charlene Winter, reading specialist and Sandy Spears, principal.