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14. Delivering Your Speech

AL AKHAWAYN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS STUDIES. 14. Delivering Your Speech. Lecture by Dr. Mohammed Ibahrine based on Clella Jaffe ’s Public Speaking. Structure of the Lecture. 1. Maximize Your Personal Appearance

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14. Delivering Your Speech

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  1. AL AKHAWAYN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS STUDIES 14. Delivering Your Speech Lecture by Dr. Mohammed Ibahrine based on Clella Jaffe’s Public Speaking

  2. Structure of the Lecture • 1. Maximize Your Personal Appearance • 1.1. Make the Most of Your Physical Appearance • 1.2 Choose Appropriate Clothing and Accessories

  3. Structure of the Lecture • 2. Develop Effective Mannerisms • 2.1 Control Your Gestures • 2.1.1 Emblems • 2.1.2 Illustrators • 2.1.3 Adaptors • 2.2 Make Eye Contact

  4. Structure of the Lecture • 3. Vary Your Vocal Behaviors • 3.1 Pronounce Your Words Clearly • 3.1.1 Articulation and Stress • 3.1.2 Regional Origin • 3.1.3 Ethnicity • 3.1.4 Social Status • 3.2 Use Vocal Variations • 3.3 Pause for Effect

  5. Structure of the Lecture • 4 Put It All Together • 4.1 Select the Appropriate Type of Delivery • 4.1.1 Impromptu Delivery • 4.1.2 Memorized Delivery • 4.1.3 Manuscript Delivery • 4.1.4 Extemporaneous Delivery • 4.2 Use Technology Competently • 4.2.1 Using Microphones • 4.2.2 Adapting for Videotaped Speeches • 4.2.3 Using TelePrompTer • Summary

  6. 1. Maximize Your Personal Appearance • 1. Maximize Your Personal Appearance • Erving Goffman (1959) develops the concept of impression management in his influential book, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life • Goffman compares our self-presentation to a dramatic performance in which we attempt to create and maintain impressions of ourselves as if we were on a stage, using a combination of props and personal mannerism to accomplish this MY PART

  7. 1. Maximize Your Personal Appearance • 1.1. Make the Most of Your Physical Appearance • You have several permanent physical features that disclose information about you • Just by looking at you others can infer your sex, general age range and racial background • Some audiences will stereotype you based on your personal appearance

  8. 1. Maximize Your Personal Appearance • 1.1. Make the Most of Your Physical Appearance • Physical features can also make you reluctant to speak publicly • Less-than-perfect • Crooked teeth • Visible birthmark • Poor eyesight • Regardless of features you can pay special attention to smiling, gesturing, cloches and accessories

  9. 1. Maximize Your Personal Appearance • 1.2 Choose Appropriate Clothing and Accessories • John Molloy (1976) Dress for Success has made a fortune telling people that their clothing choices influence the way others perceive them • A good general rule is to select clothing that is slightly more formal than normal • Before you speak anywhere, it is a good idea to check out clothing expectations

  10. 1. Maximize Your Personal Appearance • 1.2 Choose Appropriate Clothing and Accessories • ACCESSORIES: The objects you carry or add to your clothing • Jewelry • Glasses • Briefcases • notebooks

  11. 2. Develop Effective Mannerisms • Your manner or the way you speak, move, and look at the audience, is an area of nonverbal communication that you can control to a significant degree • 2-1 Control Your Gesturers • Body movements range from motions, such as postures, walking, and gesturing to very small movements such as raising one eyebrow

  12. 2. Develop Effective Mannerisms • 2.1 Control Your Gesturers • There are especially applicable to public speaking • Emblems • Illustrators • Adaptors

  13. 2. Develop Effective Mannerisms • 2.1 Control Your Gesturers • 2.1.1 Emblems: are gestures that stand for words or ideas, • Hold up a hand to ask for quiet • Emblems vary across cultures

  14. 2. Develop Effective Mannerisms • 2.1 Control Your Gesturers • 2.1.2 Illustrators: are gestures that illustrate or add emphasis to your words • Illustrators function in a variety of ways • To accent words and phrases • To show spatial relationship • To point to objects

  15. 2. Develop Effective Mannerisms • 2.1 Control Your Gesturers • 2.1.3 Adaptors: gestures that betray stress or fear • There are three kinds of adopters • Self-adopters are those in which you touch yourself: • Fidgeting with your hair • Licking your lips • Scratching your face • Rubbing your hands together

  16. 2. Develop Effective Mannerisms • 2.1 Control Your Gesturers • Object adopters involving touching things • Tap your pencil • Twist your ring

  17. 2. Develop Effective Mannerisms • 2.1 Control Your Gesturers • Alter adopters are gestures you use in relationship to the audience • Tap your pencil • Twist your ring

  18. 2. Develop Effective Mannerisms • 2.2 Make Eye Contact • Eye contact communicates • Honesty • Trustworthiness • Friendliness • What is typical in the US is not universal • Prolonged eye contact with superiors is considered disrespectful

  19. 3. Vary Your Words Behaviors • 3.1 Pronounce Your Words Clearly • Articulation and Stress • Articulation is the way you say individuals sounds such as this or dis • Stress is the way you accent syllables or whole words poe-LEESE (police) or (POE-leese

  20. 3. Vary Your Words Behaviors • 3.1 Pronounce Your Words Clearly • Regional Origin • You have probably noticed regional variations in pronunciation and articulation

  21. 3. Vary Your Words Behaviors • 3.1 Pronounce Your Words Clearly • Ethnicity • Ethnicity is another factor that may affect pronunciation

  22. 3. Vary Your Words Behaviors • 3.1 Pronounce Your Words Clearly • Social Status • Differences in pronunciation often indicate social status

  23. 3. Vary Your Words Behaviors • 3.2 Use Vocal Variation • Vocal variations are changes in volume, rate, and pitch that combine to create impressions of the speaker • Audiences typically associate vocal characteristics with personality with personality traits

  24. 3. Vary Your Words Behaviors • 3.2 Use Vocal Variation • Here are just a few common associations: • Loud and fast speakers=resourceful + dynamic • Loud and slow speakers=aggressive + confident • Soft and fast speakers=composed + enthusiastic • Soft and slow speakers=benevolent +

  25. 3. Vary Your Words Behaviors • 3.2 Use Vocal Variation • Make vocal variations work for you • Use a slower rate when you are giving key points and speed up for background material • Change your vocal inflections if your audience appears to be losing interest • Add pitch variations and increased volume and rate to communicate enthusiasm

  26. 3. Vary Your Words Behaviors • 3.3 Pause for Effect • Consider your use of pauses • Pauses can be effective or they can be embarrassing to both you and your listeners • Effective pauses are intentional • You purposely pause between major ideas • Give your audience a few seconds to contemplate a difficult concept • In contrast, ineffective pauses or hesitations can disrupt your fluency Unfilled pauses are silent • Filled or vocalized pauses are um you know sounds

  27. 4. Put It ALL Together • Consider your use of pauses • Confident style incorporates: • Vocal variety • Fluency • Good use of gestures • Good eye contact to create an impression of dynamism as well as credibility • If you are naturally outgoing, this style may best fit your personality

  28. 4. Put It ALL Together • Consider your use of pauses • Conversational style incorporates: • Calmness • Slowness • Softness Less intensity • Good eye contact and gestures • This style fits funeral ?????

  29. 4. Put It ALL Together • Select the Appropriate Type of Delivery

  30. 4. Put It All Together • Impromptu delivery • Impromptu delivery are given on the spur of the moment • When you must think of your foot • No preperation and rehearsal

  31. 4. Put It All Together • Memorized Delivery • Memorized delivery used to be common • Roman orators planed their speeches carefully, then memorized them word for word • In oral cultures, tribalk orators memorize the stories and legends of the tribe • Drawback. • Forget of what you memorized • Memoriezd speeches are not delivery conversationally • Do not sound natural • Do not engage the audience

  32. 4. Put It All Together • Manuscript Delivery • The most inactive method of presenting • Imparts a lot of information • Is acceptable on some occasions • To compensate use active speaker-listener interactions keep participant's attention longer, involve them mentally • For competent manuscript delivery, type your entire script in capital letters, using triple spacing • Make slashes where you pan to pause • Highlight or underline the words you wish to accent • Manuscript delivery is inappropriate for most classroom speeches

  33. 4. Put It All Together • Extemporaneous Delivery • In contrast to impromptu, you prepare extemporaneous carefully in advance • Do not plan every single word • Outline your major ideas • Use note cards with cue words

  34. 4. Put It All Together • The best delivery is a smart mingling of all four types

  35. Summary • Summary • The best delivery is a smart mingling of all four types

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