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Cell Reproduction Mitosis

Cell Reproduction Mitosis. Two Identical Daughter Cells. One Parent Cell. Mitosis – Greek origin Mitos = thread; due to threadlike appearance of the chromatin. -Unicellular (amoeba) – reproduction

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Cell Reproduction Mitosis

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  1. Cell ReproductionMitosis Two Identical Daughter Cells One Parent Cell Mitosis – Greek origin Mitos = thread; due to threadlike appearance of the chromatin.

  2. -Unicellular (amoeba) – reproduction -Multicellular (humans) – growth and repair for cells that die from normal wear and tear or accidents. Ex: Dividing cells in your bone marrow continuously supply new blood cells. *What is the purpose of mitosis in eukaryotic cells?

  3. Cell Cycle • Interphase • Mitosis • Cytokinesis

  4. Cell Cycle - Interphase • Interphase – the cell grows and copies its chromosomes in preparation for cell division. G1, S and G2

  5. Cell Cycle – Interphase • Q: In the S phase of interphase, why does DNA replicate? • A: New cell needs a copy of genetic material! • Identical copies of chromosomes are called sister chromatids and they are attached by a centromere.

  6. Cell Cycle – Mitosis (M phase) • Mitosis – division of the nucleus (eukaryotes). • Cell parts involved in division -Nucleus/Nuclear membrane -DNA -Centrioles • Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT)

  7. PMAT

  8. Chromatin is uncoiled DNA which allows for DNA to unzip and replicate easily during interphase. Rod shaped chromosomes allow for equal division of DNA between two cells during prophase  telophase. Identical copies of chromosomes are called sister chromatids; they are attached by a centromere. Importance of DNA Structure

  9. Cell Cycle - Cytokinesis • Cytokinesis – division of the cytoplasm • Cell parts involved in division -Cell membrane -Cytoplasm

  10. Cytokinesis – Plants vs. Animals Cleavage Furrow and Centrioles Cell Plate and No Centrioles

  11. Cell Division – Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes • Mitosis (Eukaryotes) – cell division in which both nucleus and the cytoplasm divide. • Binary fission (Prokaryotes) –cell division in which DNA copies and the cell divides. No nucleus!

  12. Is division continuous? • Yes. New daughter cells enter interphase, become a parent cell, and the process repeats as needed. • What happens to a person’s cells when cancer develops? -cancer cells have escaped from the cell’s controlled cell cycle.

  13. How often do cell divide? • white blood cells – every few days naturally die off • red blood cells – last about 3 months • nerve cells – reach maturity and stop dividing. Nerve cells are designed to form connections that last a life time; reason why adults can experience permanent nerve damage. • skin cells – divide daily (dry flaky skin)

  14. Cell Vocabulary • Diploid – produced in mitosis; cells having two sets of chromosomes (body cells) • One from mom and one from dad • How many chromosomes do human body cells have? • Is it the same for all living organisms?

  15. Cell Vocabulary • Haploid – produced in meiosis; cells with one set of chromosomes (sex cells) • How many chromosomes do human sex cells have? • Important for sexual reproduction (fertilization). • To be continued….

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