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DNA, RNA, & Proteins Vocab review

DNA, RNA, & Proteins Vocab review. Chapter 12. DNA polymerase. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication. Another name for protein synthesis. translation. Sugar used to make DNA. dexoyribose. replication. Process of making a DNA copy.

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DNA, RNA, & Proteins Vocab review

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  1. DNA, RNA, & ProteinsVocab review Chapter 12

  2. DNA polymerase Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication Another name for protein synthesis translation Sugar used to make DNA dexoyribose

  3. replication Process of making a DNA copy Nitrogen base with 1 ring such ascytosine and thymine pyrimidine Organism whose cells have a nucleus eukaryote

  4. transcription Process in which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA Three sequential nucleotides in anmRNA molecule that code for a specific amino acid codon Organism without a nucleus prokaryote

  5. Purine Nitrogen base with 2 rings like adenine and guanine Subunit composed of a sugar, nitrogen base, and a phosphate group used to make DNA and RNA nucleotide Principle that hydrogen bonds can only form between certain nitrogen bases Base pairing

  6. transformation Process in which one strain of bacteria is genetically changed by receiving DNA from another Series of genes that controls development and differentiation in the developing embryo Hox genes

  7. Coiled DNA and proteins that are spread out in the nucleus of non-dividing cells chromatin Group of three nucleotide bases on a t-RNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon anticodon

  8. chromosomes Tightly packed DNA and proteins that are “scrunched up” into rod-shaped bundles in dividing cells Expressed sequence of DNA that codes for a protein exon Process of making proteins from an RNA message Translation (protein synthesis)

  9. Messenger RNA Type of RNA that carries DNA code from the nucleus out to the cytoplasm Segment of DNA that codes for a protein gene Region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to start transcription promoter

  10. histone Protein molecule around which DNA is wrapped to form a nucleosome in chromatin Bonds between nitrogen bases that hold the 2 DNA strands together Hydrogen bonds Bead-like structures that form when DNA wraps around histones nucleosome

  11. Type of RNA that matches its anticodon and attaches the correct amino acid to the growing protein chain during protein synthesis Transfer RNA Structures found in the cytoplasm made of rRNA and proteins where protein synthesis happens Ribosomes

  12. Ribosomal RNA Type of RNA that combines with proteins to make ribosomes Sugar found in RNA molecules ribose Group of genes in a prokaryote that operate together operon

  13. operator Region of DNA near the promoter where repressor proteins bind and turn genes off Enzyme that binds to DNA, separates the strands, and assembles nucleotide subunits into an RNA molecule RNA polymerase

  14. Protein that binds to the operator site and stops RNA polymerase from binding and transcribing a gene repressor Process of changing into different kinds of cells with different functions differentiation

  15. Nucleic acid (DNA & RNA) Macromolecule made by joining nucleotide subunits together Virus that infects bacteria bacteriophage Another name for a protein chain polypeptide

  16. protein Macromolecule made by joining amino acid subunits together Regulatory region with the sequence TATATA or TATAAA found in many types of organisms which helps position RNA polymerase TATA box

  17. Sequence of DNA that is NOT involved in coding for a protein which is cut out of the m-RNA molecule before it is read by the ribosomes intron

  18. Mutations that produce changes in a single gene = ______________________ Mutations that produce changes in whole chromosomes = _____________________ GENE MUTATIONS KINDS OF MUTATIONS CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS

  19. KINDS OF MUTATIONS Change in one or just a few nucleotide in the code Deletion or insertion that causes the remaining nucleotides to be regrouped & read incorrectly Point mutation Frameshift mutation

  20. KINDS OF MUTATIONS substitution One nucleotide in code is replaced by another Complete set of chromosomes fails to separate resulting in 3N or 4N organisms polyploidy

  21. KINDS OF MUTATIONS deletion Piece of DNA is broken off and lost Piece of DNA breaks off and reattaches to another translocation

  22. KINDS OF MUTATIONS inversion Piece of DNA breaks off, flips, and reattaches so that it reads backwards Piece of DNA is added to the code Extra copies of part of a chromosome are made insertion duplication

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