Chapter 8 Section 1 - The First President

1. Chapter 8 Section 1 - The First President President Washington President Washington and the new Congress had to make many decisions about the structure of the new government. George Washington became president ton April 30, 1789. As the first president, Washington set precedents, or traditions, which would shape the future of the United States. The First Congress Congress set up 3 departments in the executive brand: The State Department dealt with other countries. The Department of the Treasury took care of money matters. The Department of War handled the country's defense. The Attorney General took care of the country's legal issues. The heads of these departments along with the Attorney General became knows as the cabinet. sall Benjamin Franklin Who was the first president? ________________ George Washington legal issues The Department of War is responsible for the country's _____________. defense

2. Washington's Cabinet Department of War Attorney General Department of the Treasury State Department took care of the country's legal affairs dealt with other countries handled the country's defense took care of money matters all Directions: Move the responsibilities of each department into the corresponding box.

3. Bill of Rights To protect civil rights, Congress proposed 12 amendments to the Constitution. The states approved 10 of the amendments which became known as the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights protects individual liberties including: Freedom of Religion Freedom of Assembly To Keep and Bear Arms Freedom of Speech Freedom of the Press Protection for those Accused of Crimes business The Bill of Rights protects _____________ liberties. individual

4. The New Country's Economy The new country's economy developed under the guidance of Alexander Hamilton. The new nation faced serious financial problems, the national debt was growing. National debt is the amount of money owed by the nation's government. Alexander Hamilton tried to find a way to improve the government's financial reputation. Created a national bank Proposed a tariff - a tax on imports - to protect new American industries form foreign competition National taxes to help the government pay off the national debt Give the national government new financial powers How did a tariff, a tax on imports, benefit American industry? ____________________________________________________________ Tariffs protected American industry from foreign competition. Tariffs promoted foreign businesses.

5. Chapter 8 Section 2 - Early Challenges The new government was faced with challenges in Pennsylvania and on the frontier. The Whiskey Rebellion and the West The Whiskey Rebellion In 1791 Congress taxed the making and selling of whiskey. This tax angered farmers in western Pennsylvania. In July 1794, they attacked the tax collectors. They burned buildings. This uprising was called the Whiskey Rebellion. This alarmed national leaders. Washington sent a force to put down the rebellion. This sent a message to citizens. The government would use force to keep order. They had to pay a tax for whiskey. Why were western Pennsylvania farmers upset? ___________________________ People were not buying their crops.

6. Struggle Over the West The new government faced problems in the West. Washington was worried about European ambitions in the Northwest Territory. He signed treaties with the Native Americans hoping to lessen the influence of the British and Spanish on them. American settlers ignored the treaties and moved onto lands promised to the Native Americans. Fights broke out between both groups. Washington sent an army to the Northwest Territory to restore order. Why did Washington sign treaties with Native American in the West? ______________________________________________________ He hoped they would leave the land so setters could live there. He hoped to lessen the influence of the British and Spanish on them.

7. Chapter 8 Section 3 - Early Challenges The First Political Parties By 1796, Americans began to take opposing sides on issues. Two political parties emerged from the debates. Federalists (People who supported the policies of the Washington administration. Led by Alexander Hamilton Wanted a strong federal government Supported Britain Thought rich, educated people should lead the nation Wanted to encourage manufacturing and trade favored banking and shipping interests Alexander Hamilton France weak The Federalist Party wanted a __________ government and supported ___________. Britain strong

8. Chapter 8 Section 3 - Early Challenges The First Political Parties By 1796, Americans began to take opposing sides on issues. Two political parties emerged from the debates. Republicans (Democratic-Republicans) Led by Thomas Jefferson Wanted strong state government Support for France Thought ordinary people should have political power Wanted strong farming Supported strict interpretation of the Constitutiion Britain federal The Republican Party wanted a strong _______ government and supported ___________. France state

9. Practice Reading a Chart Directions: Answer the following questions using the chart above. Federalists Republicans Which party supported Britain? _______________ federal state The Federalists supported a strong _________ government. Federalists This party wanted the government to be ruled by the wealthy class. ___________ rich Republicans ordinary Republicans wanted the government to be run by __________ people.

10. Chapter 8 Quiz Benjamin Franklin Who was the first president? ________________ George Washington legal issues The Department of War is responsible for the country's _____________. defense federal The Republican Party wanted a strong _______ government and supported ___________. Britain France state business The Bill of Rights protects _____________ liberties. individual weak The Federalist Party wanted a __________ government and supported ___________. Britain France strong

11. Judiciary Act of 1789 With the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress created a federal court system. This system had 13 district courts and 3 circuit courts. The federal courts could reverse the decisions of state courts. The Supreme Court would be the final authority on many issues. A chief justice was the head of the Supreme Court. The first chief justice was John Jay. Supreme Court President Who is the head of the Supreme Court? ______________ Federal Courts Chief Justice State Courts a federal court system What id the Judiciary Act of 1789 create? ______________ a state court system