Workshop on Energy Balances and Energy related Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories

1. Workshop on Energy Balances and Energy related Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories Working Group I of the EU Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism Committee24 to 25 June 2003 EEA, Copenhagen Sarah Baggott, John Watterson and Justin Goodwin(National Environmental Technology Centre - netcen -Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 3ED, UK ) with additional contributions fromChris Bryant (UK DTI) andSusan Donaldson (UK Defra) 47052x22/2001/AC1802/JW (request to attend workshop)47052x22/2001/AO1772/JW (request from Bitten Eriksen for copy of presentation)

2. What’s in this presentation &briefing notes? • The UK National Inventory System and the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) • National institutions responsible for UK energy andGHG emission (energy related) reporting • National procedures and (legal) basis for energy (including non-energy use of fossil fuels) andGHG emission (energy related) reporting • Use of feedstock fuels in the UK GHGI • UK Experience with timeliness and quality of energy data and consistency with GHG emission estimates • Lessons learnt and concrete actions from the energy harmonisation project coordinated by Eurostat (including relevant experience for other MS) GHGI - greenhouse gas inventory; MS - Member State (of the European Union)

3. The UK National Inventory System (NIS) • This is part of the UK National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) • The Greenhouse Gas Inventory (GHGI) is compiled using the same database as the NAEI • The NAEI is the air emissions inventory for the UK and includes emission estimates for a wide range of important pollutants • greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N20, HFCs, PFCs, SF6) • regional pollutants leading to acid deposition and photochemical pollution • persistent organic pollutants and other toxic pollutants such as heavy metals

5. National institutions responsible for UK energy reporting • Energy statistics required for compilation of the NAEI and the GHGI are obtained from • the Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES) • compiled and published by the UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) • DUKES contains ... • commodity balances and energy balances • DUKES data complied from • DUKES data compiled from statistical returns from fuel producers

6. Data flows and revision channels influencing databases held by the DTI and international organisations EPTAC - Energy Policy, Technology, Analysis & Coal (UK DTI)

7. Inventory sectors where activity data are wholly or partly dependent on energy data ... • Energy • Industrial Processes • Solvents and other product use • Agriculture • Land use change and Forestry • Waste activity data wholly or partly dependent on energy data fossil fuel emissions from these sectors Note - NETCEN allocates the emissions from wastes used as fuels to the energy sector

8. National institutions responsible for GHG emission (energy related) reporting (i) • The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) is responsible for submitting the UK's greenhouse gas inventory (GHGI) to • the UNFCCC and • the EU Monitoring Mechanism (EUMM) • NETCEN compiles the GHGI on behalf of Defra and the devolved administrations • Devolved administrations are ... • Scottish Executive • National Assembly for Wales • Office of the Northern Ireland Executive

9. National institutions responsible for GHG emission (energy related) reporting (ii) • Information on industrial processes is provided either directly to NETCEN by • the individual sectors responsible for emissions • taken from the Environment Agency's Pollution Inventory (PI) • The PI is the only statutory part of the national system • large companies are required to report emissions of key pollutants to the Environment Agency (a non-departmental public body) • the PI is also used to help confirm some information provided voluntarily by companies directly to NETCEN

10. National procedures and (legal) basis for energy (including non-energy use of fossil fuels) reporting • Data on individual fuels collected by UK DTI from fuel manufacturers • UK legislation, including the Electricity Act and the Statistics of Trade Act can be invoked should data not be provided • DTI collate statistics, under "National Statistics" principles, and publish Final energy figures in the Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES) each July • Data reported to Eurostat

11. ENERGY AND FUEL STATISTICS DTI UNFCCC 15 April NETCEN NAEI Strategic planning Overall coordination Research EU commissioning MONITORING MECHANISM 31 December National procedures and (legal) basis forGHG emission (energy related) reporting (i) 1 2 3

12. National procedures and (legal) basis forGHG emission (energy related) reporting (ii) • The Environment Agency's Pollution Inventory (PI) is the only statutory part of the national system • large companies are required to report emissions of key pollutants to the Environment Agency (a non-departmental public body) • the PI is also used to help confirm some information provided voluntarily by companies directly to NETCEN

13. Note on calculation of UK GHG emissions • NETCEN calculates emissions from activity data expressed in energy units only where the original commodity data are expressed in energy units • NETCEN does not calculate the UK inventory using activity data expressed in terajoules • The majority of conversions from original units to tonnes of carbon are through emissions factors expressed as kilograms of carbon per tonne of the commodity • The only part of the CRF in which NETCEN uses emission factors expressed as tC/TJ is Table 1A(b), the ‘Reference Approach’

14. UK GHGI treatment ofnon-energy use of fuels • The UK sectoral inventory is based on statistics on fuel consumption for energy production - fuel consumption for non-energy use is excluded • Certain emissions from non-energy use of fuels are included for example • catalytic crackers • the feedstock use of natural gas • the combustion of waste lubricants for energy • The use of natural gas for feedstock is estimated by NETCEN for the DTI

15. Examples of feedstock use of fuels considered in the UK GHGI

16. Examples of feedstock use of fuels considered in the UK GHGI

17. Sources of CO2 emissions from use of natural gas • CO2 emitted from • process (i.e. manufacture of the compounds using feedstock) • combustion of fuel for energy production • Where NETCEN is able to make direct estimates of emissions resulting from fuel use in ‘non-energy’ processes it does. If not, the quantity of fuel identified as feedstock or used for non-energy purposes is not considered part of the fuel combustion activity data.

18. UK Experience with timeliness and quality of energy data and consistency with GHG emission estimates (i) • Timeliness of energy data • compilation of GHG inventory relies on energy consumption data presented in DTI DUKES publication • DUKES published late July to early September • CRF needs to be completed by 31st December • can be difficult to complete GHG estimates within this time • Quality of energy data • we accept energy data provided by DTI • DTI have internal quality assurance and quality control procedures • extent and form of data available sometimes limiting • changes in reporting format of data, or exclusion of previously reported data can be a problem e.g. OPG/LPG split OPG Other Petroleum Gas; LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas

19. UK Experience with timeliness and quality of energy data and consistency with GHG emission estimates (ii) • Consistency with GHG emission estimates (i) • The UK DUKES publication is produced by energy statisticians, not by compilers of inventories • Data in DUKES is used by ... • other UK government departments - informs energy use strategies • consultants in energy (e.g. energy policy consultants) • energy industries (to assess their competitive position as DUKES compiles data from all industries) • general public (to provide general energy statistics) • not explicitly designed for use in compiling inventories • Fuel tables (commodity and energy balance tables) not aggregated in IPCC format • often considerable work is needed before the data can be used to help compile GHG inventories

20. UK Experience with timeliness and quality of energy data and consistency with GHG emission estimates (iii) • Consistency with GHG emission estimates (ii) • Not all necessary data is given in DUKES to compile GHG inventory • e.g. gas leakage data absent • Stability of presentation format • format and data in tables may change from year to year • some data that once was included might be omitted • would be helpful to specify the core data that is required for inventory compilation

21. Lessons learnt and concrete actions from the energy harmonisation project coordinated by Eurostat (including relevant experience for other MS) (i) • Recommendations in report - Energy Data Harmonisation a project undertaken for UK Department of Trade and Industry 15 January 2002 by Tim Simmons Action required to reconcile questionnaire (annual international energy questionnaire) and NETCEN activity data. A1 Adjust estimates for domestic and international civil aviation fuel use and also, identify the fuel used for military aviation so as to ensure that it is included with domestic aviation in accordance with the international questionnaires. This is a substantial piece of work involving DTI/EID2c, NETCEN and UK DERA. A2 Revise the GCV for petroleum coke. Is a ncv/gcv value of 0.95 justified? A3 Ensure that all fuels used for blast furnaces are identified and reported under that heading in the questionnaires. A4 Clarify the exact uses for the quantities reported as feedstock use for gas. Confirm that they do not include heat requirements for reformer furnaces. Why do the amounts in the questionnaire vary so considerably over the three years examined? A5 Reconcile the quantities of gas oil shown in the questionnaire for Commercial/PA and Miscellaneous with the amounts in the black oils analysis. A6 Revise coal questionnaire for 1995. A7 Provide Eurostat with more detail on renewables and wastes in a confidential supplement.

22. Lessons learnt and concrete actions from the energy harmonisation project coordinated by Eurostat (including relevant experience for other MS) (ii) Additional action to take to improve quality of energy data. B1 Review the problems underlying the lack of consistency in the makeup of the figures for Commercial, Public Administration and Miscellaneous across the commodities. B2 Review calorific values for oven coke. B3 Examine possible means of obtaining regular data (or estimates) of waste oils (including burnt lubricants) with a view to introducing estimates of waste oil combustion into DUKES balances and questionnaires. B4 Identify components of ‘miscellaneous’ oil products. Can energy and non-energy components be distinguished? How are they being used? B5 Examine whether there is scope for reducing the effects of confidentiality restrictions on the availability of renewables and waste data.

23. Acronyms and definitions (i)

24. Acronyms and definitions (ii)

25. Relevant UK reports on the web • UK National Inventory Reports (NIR) • http://www.naei.org.uk • 2003 UK National Inventory Report • http://www.naei.org.uk/report_link.php?report_id=191 • DTI DUKES publications • http://www.dti.gov.uk/energy/inform/dukes/index.shtml • UK National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) • http://www.naei.org.uk/

26. Background information about the UK National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) ... • The UK NAEI is fully funded by the UK Department for Food, Environment and Rural Affairs (Defra) • netcen compiles the GHGI on behalf of Defra and the devolved administrations • The GHG inventory is part of the NAEI • The following slides show ... • How the NAEI Works ... • Example Inventory Lifecycle

27. 5) Emission Data National UK trends Regional trends Maps 1x1km Points 4) Checking 3) Emission Calculation Databases GIS 2) Formatting & Method Development Data Manipulation Data Manipulation Data Manipulation Data Manipulation Data Manipulation How the NAEI Works 6) Products Reports International reporting UNFCCC International reporting UNECE Internet Ad-Hoc support 1) Data Collection Raw data Raw data Raw data Raw data Raw data Raw data Raw data Raw data Raw data Raw data Raw data Raw data Raw data Raw data Raw data Raw data Raw data

28. Jun June 01 :- Begin data collection Annual Report Improvement work WWW update DETR Publish Key Results Sep Mar March 03 :- Superseded by 2001 inventory Mar 02: Finalise & Lock 2000 Inventory Improvement work Dec 01: Provisional 01/02 Develop 2000 inventory data to EU, UNECE Dec 02/03 Official 2000 reported Example Inventory Lifecycle