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An Overview of the Nervous System & The Five Senses

An Overview of the Nervous System & The Five Senses. start. What are the two main parts of the central nervous system? Head and Shoulders Spinal cord and Brain Heart and Brain Heart and Head. What makes up the peripheral nervous system? Spinal Cord and Brain Heart and Head

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An Overview of the Nervous System & The Five Senses

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  1. An Overview of the Nervous System & The Five Senses start

  2. What are the two main parts of the central nervous system? • Head and Shoulders • Spinal cord and Brain • Heart and Brain • Heart and Head

  3. What makes up the peripheral nervous system? • Spinal Cord and Brain • Heart and Head • The Sensory Organs (Eyes, Ears, Nose, Tongue, Skin) and Nerves • Skin and Brain

  4. Wrong! Try Again! Back to question…

  5. Wrong! Try Again! Back to question…

  6. Correct! The Eyes, Ears, Nose, Tongue, Skin, and Nerves. These Sensory organs contain neurons called Receptors. Receptors are nerve cells that detect conditions in the body’s environment. Each Receptor sends a signal through nerves to the central nervous system. Click here to learn about the eye, ear, nose, tongue, skin, or nerves.

  7. Learn more about nerves Nerves are bundles of nerve cells, or neurons. Neuron is a specialized cell that can receive signals and transmit them to other neurons. Dendrites Cell body Axon Dendrites Nucleus Click here to learn about the eye, ear, nose, tongue, skin or summary.

  8. The dendrites are small thin extensions of the neuron that receive impulses from other neurons and pass them on to the cell body. Back to the nerve…

  9. The nucleus is the control center of the neuron. Back to the nerve…

  10. An Axon is a fiber extending from a neuron that passes messages on to other neurons. Back to nerve…

  11. Correct! The Spinal Cord & Brain Spinal Cord Brain Next question…

  12. Learn more about our sense of Sight Iris Optic Nerve Cornea Pupil Lens Retina Iris Eye receptors detect light and color. Click here to learn about the ear,nose, tongue, skin, nerves, or summary.

  13. The Cornea is the clear, protective covering of the eye. Back to the eye…

  14. The Iris is the color of the eye. Some eyes may be: Brown Blue Green Hazel Back to the eye…

  15. The Pupil is the opening that lets light in. When there is not a lot of light our Pupils become big. When it is very bright outside our Pupils become small. Back to the eye…

  16. The Lens bends light to help you focus on an object. Back to the eye…

  17. The Retina gathers information about an object and it then sends the information to the brain via the Optic Nerve. Back to the eye…

  18. The Optic Nerve transports pictures to the brain from the Retina. Back to the eye…

  19. Learn more about our sense of Hearing malleus outer ear incus stapes cochlear nerve cochlea middle ear ear canal ear drum Ear receptors detect sound waves. Click here to learn about the eye, nose, tongue, skin, nerves, or summary.

  20. The Malleus, Incus and Stapes are smallest bones in the body and receive sound wave vibrations from the Ear Drum and pass them to the Cochlea. Back to the ear…

  21. The Cochlear Nerve carries the signals to the hearing center, or auditory cortex, on the side of the brain. Back to the ear…

  22. The Cochlea receives vibrations from the Stapes and makes them into nerve signals. Back to the ear…

  23. The Middle Ear is where the Malleus, Incus and Stapes are. Back to the ear…

  24. The Ear Drum is a thin, tight sheet of skin-like material. Sound waves bounce off it, making it vibrate, and pass the vibrations onto the middle ear. Back to the ear…

  25. The Ear Canal funnels sound waves into the skull and ends with the Ear Drum. Back to the ear…

  26. Learn more about our sense of Smell Olfactory Bulb Olfactory Epithelia Nasal Cavity Nose receptors detect smells and tastes. Click here to learn about the eye, ear, tongue, skin, nerves, or summary.

  27. The Olfactory Epithelia is on top of the nasal cavity and contains the olfactory cells. Tiny hairs, or cilia, stick out from these cells into the mucus lining the nasal cavity. Back to the nose…

  28. The Olfactory Bulb contains the nerve fibers that carry the signals into the brain. Back to the nose…

  29. Learn more about our sense of Taste Bitter (across the back of the tongue) Sour (upper, side on both sides of the tongue) Salty (lower, side on both sides of the tongue) Sweet (across the tip of the tongue) Click here to learn a fun, new fact about taste! Mouth receptors detect taste and smells. Click here to learn about the eye, ear, nose, skin, nerves, or summary.

  30. Recently, a fifth taste has been identified. It is called “Umami” which means “delicious” or “yummy” in Japanese. Back to the tongue…

  31. Learn more about our sense of TouchA cross section of the skin hair epidermis dermis Skin receptors detect heat and cold, pressure, touch, and pain. Click here to learn more about the eye, ear, nose,tongue, nerves or summary.

  32. The Dermis is the second layer of skin and contains most of the touch sensors, as well as tiny blood vessels. Back to the skin…

  33. The Epidermis is the outer layer of skin. It resist wear and tear and continually replaces itself. Back to the skin…

  34. Summary • Humans have five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. • The Spinal Cord and the Brain are the two main parts of the central nervous system. • The peripheral nervous system consists of eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin and nerves. • Neurons send and receive signals and transmit them to other neurons. • Umami is the newest taste. • The Epidermis continually replaces itself. • Olfactory Cells are our smell cells. • The Malleus, Incus and Stapes are the smallest bones in the body. • The Lens helps us to focus. Resources/Further Reading Page Back to the beginning…

  35. Resources Books: Parker, S., (2004). The Senses. Chicago, IL., Raintree. Parker, S., (1997). A Look at Your Body Senses. Brookfield, CT., Copper Beech Books. Websites: www.faculty.washington.edu www.teachervision.fen.com Photos: www.creativecommons.com www.faculty.washington.edu http://library.thinkquest.org www.enchantedlearning.com Article: “Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter…and Umami” by Robert Krulwich http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15819485

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