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Intercultural Communication & Its Competence

Intercultural Communication & Its Competence. Niina Kovalainen Senior Lecturer, LAUREA Researcher, Academy of Finland at UTA. Session with Niina. Part 1: - The Basics of Culture & Intercultural Communication - Nonverbal Behaviour - Personal Communication Styles

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Intercultural Communication & Its Competence

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  1. Intercultural Communication & Its Competence Niina Kovalainen Senior Lecturer, LAUREA Researcher, Academy of Finland at UTA

  2. Session with Niina • Part 1: - The Basics of Culture & Intercultural Communication - Nonverbal Behaviour - Personal Communication Styles - Intercultural Communication Competence • Part 2: - Communicating in Different Situations - National CASES - Working together - Examples from the Finnish point of view

  3. Culture & Intercultural DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS: • National, regional, religious, ethnic… • Organisational, age, sex, gender… • High culture, popular culture • Linguistic • Professional, occupational • Hobby based • Continental • Era based • Social status based • Diet based, e.g. vegetarian • Ethnic • Moral, ethic • Family based • Political • Other, what?  Written, oral, electronic (e.g. netiquette)  What does ”multicultural”, ”cross-cultural” and ”intercultural” actually mean?

  4. Culture • Edward T. Hall: Culture is communication • Geert Hofstede: Culture is programming of the mind • John Mole: Culture is how we do things here • Culture is a way of life • Culture is everything • Culture is you • Culture is our collective thruth

  5. How can you see culture? • Attire, clothing, accessories • Posture, movement • Food & drink • Language & paralanguage • Customs, traditions, habits • Nonverbal behaviour () • Physical environment

  6. Task 1 • Draw a sociogram of your own culture English Niina Teacher Sports

  7. Nonverbal behaviour • Concept of time • Haptics (touching) • Proxemics (personal space) • Eye contact • Attire • Physical environment • Posture & movement & gestures • Paralanguage (intonation, tone, pitch) • Written language, politeness

  8. Intercultural Competence • Learning language • Knowing the history, politics & economy • Showing interest to understand & respect people • Engage in social interaction • Do not complain • Do not give up • Express professional satisfaction • Are committed to developing themselves (Kealey 1990)

  9. ICC Language + communication + culture + situation + you  Special challenge: Virtual contact

  10. Johari’s Window

  11. Issues in ICC: Working together • Ethnocentrism • Nonverbal behaviour • Linguistic communication • Different communication styles (high / low context) • Cultural values: power distance, individualism vs. collectivism

  12. Hofstede’s ICC • Societies as cultures, organisations as cultures • Masculinity vs. feminity (MAS) • Power distance (PDI) • Collectivity vs. individuality (IDV) • Uncertainty avoidance (UAI) • (Short-term/ long-term orientation) (LTO) • See: www.geert-hofstede.com

  13. Hofstede Example 1

  14. Hofstede Example 2

  15. Hofstede Example 3

  16. Hofstede Examples 4 & 5

  17. Hofstede Example 6

  18. Communication style • Your language + your culture  • Their language + their culture  = Situational communication

  19. Intercultural Communication Competence • The ability to communicate succesfully with people from other cultures • Emotional competence • Intercultural sensitivity • Knowing where you come from

  20. Examples • 1. Greeting: Not much • 2. Asking & Giving Help: Always ask • 3. Clothing & Colours: Is not expressing feelings that much (Happy conformity) • 4. Language: Ask directly • 5. Nonverbal Behaviour: Quality vs. Quantity • 6. Working Culture: Direct and to the point, independent and individual, no supervision • 7. Talking: Quality vs. Quantity • 8. Meetings, lectures: Be active • 9. Issue vs. Individual: Maintain face (both parties'), negative / positive things • 10. Friendship: Real, no small talk, give & get

  21. Examples continued • 11. Small Talk: Not much • 12. Silence: Are used to it, does not bother, but try to help by speaking • 13. Silence is relative: Different people, situations, formality, groups, time • 14. Alcohol: Center of the city, weekends, students, events. Work hard, play hard. • 15. Working hard: Living is expensive, so students work at the same time. • 16. Health: Different diets, doing sports, looks, Body & Mind • 17. Equality: Can also be seen in class with professors • 18. Silent knowledge: ...but there are still some lines you should not cross, esp. with your superiors. Relaxed honouring. • 19. Honesty: Positive yes, negative not always • 20. Not much showing of emotions in public

  22.  Thank you!  Any questions, comments on or requests for material used/ cited, please write to me at: niina.kovalainen@laurea.fi

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