HIS EXCELLENCY, CHIEF(DR) GODSWILL AKPABIO Executive Governor of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

1. LINK BETWEEN INFRASTRUCTURE, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY IN AFRICA- AKWA IBOM EXPERIENCE PRESENTED BY HIS EXCELLENCY, CHIEF(DR) GODSWILL AKPABIO ExecutiveGovernor of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria Akwa Ibom State Government

2. 5 OUTLINE 1 INTRODUCTION 2 DEFINITION OF TERMS INFRASTRUCTURE, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY 3 4 AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLE CONCLUSION Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

3. INTRODUCTION • When God created man, the essential needs of man were food, shelter and clothing. As men grew in time, space and number, other needs arose and these were indentified in Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs as: • Physiological • safety, • social, • esteem and • self-actualization needs. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

4. INTRODUCTION • These needs led to a more complex society and a stronger desire for man to master his environment and meet the needs of man. These needs coalesced into a conceptual framework which has come to be referred to as infrastructure. • It is only the provision of quality infrastructure which can ameliorate human suffering and set the right and veritable conditions for growth, development and industrialization. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

5. ... INTRODUCTION • In the same vein, human resource development has been defined as ‘organized learning activities arranged within an organization in order to improve performance and/or personal growth for the purpose of improving the job, the individual, and/or the organization.” The nexus between infrastructure and human resource development being that you need persons of a certain performance and skill level to build and maintain the infrastructure in our communities. • Security is necessary to provide protection for the infrastructure as well as the human resource which sustain the infrastructure. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

6. DEFINITION OF TERMS Infrastructure: The society is a collection of people, which needs certain physical and organizational structures for its survival, continuity, welfare and, more fundamentally, its enterprises. Infrastructure refers to these physical and organization structures which support the society and facilitates the production and distribution of wealth, the maintenance of social services and the provision of basic social amenities. In this wise, infrastructure refers to roads, basic social services, buildings etc. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

7. DEFINITION OF TERMS … Infrastructure: • Worthy of note is the fact that some scholars classify infrastructure into two broad categories; • Hard infrastructure refers to capital assets such as plants, transportation, garbage collection, basic energy and communication facilities, water management, solid waste management etc. • Soft infrastructure on the other hand refers to the institutions needed to sustain the economic, cultural and social standards and values of a country. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

8. ... DEFINITION OF TERMS • Human Resource Development: • It is the improvement and expansion of human capital within a system through the systematic development of both the system or organization and the individual. • Wikipedia integrates the “use of training, organization and career development efforts to improve individual, group and organizational effectiveness…it develops the key competencies that enable individuals in organizations to perform current and future jobs through planned learning activities. Groups within organizations use HRD to initiate and manage change. Also, HRD ensures a match between individual and organizational needs”. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

9. ... DEFINITION OF TERMS • Security: • Security raises the question of how secure the society is for both the members and its organizations. It is assessed based on the level of protection it offers against crime, loss of human rights, damage to persons or properties and danger. • What structures and processes are provided for defending fundamental human rights and securing lives and properties in the society. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

10. ... DEFINITION OF TERMS • … Security: • Institute for Security and Open Methodologies (ISECOM) defines security as “a form of protection where a separation is created between the assets and threat”. In other words, governance is a social contract between the government and the governed and for the payment of tax and performing his civic duties, the government undertakes to offer protection, security and the requisite infrastructures for human development in the society. • And for security to be effective, it must be both reactionary and proactive. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

11. INFRASTRUCTURE, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY • The development of infrastructure in the world, with • particular reference to the First World, should serve as a • paradigm for Africa’s infrastructural development efforts. • The sustained economic development strategy of the First • World is anchored on long term planning and the • prioritization of human resource development. • It is an indubitable truth that high transactions costs arising • from inadequate and inefficient infrastructure in our • continent prevent our economy from realizing their full • potentials regardless of the progress on other fronts. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

12. ... INFRASTRUCTURE, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY • We should bear in mind the categorization of infrastructure into • physical and social infrastructure. It is a fact that the existence of • the physical infrastructure in functional and efficient states, and • along with other services would provide the conditions requisite • for development and growth. • Social infrastructure being the other subset cover water supply, • sanitation, sewage disposal, education, health, entertainment • and other sundry components which have a direct impact on • the quality of life. This also has a direct bearing with the overall • growth and productivity of the society. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

13. ... INFRASTRUCTURE, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY • It must be stated that shortfalls in the two subsets isolated above • may have given rise to congested or deplorable roads, power • outages, long waiting lists for installations or acquisition of • telephones, shortages of portable water, all of them combining • to accentuate the widening gap between the demand and • supply of infrastructure and the question of sustainability of • economic growth. • This is one of the banes of our development as a continent and • the reason, but it is a challenge that the new generation of • Africans can tackle and change. • The security challenges that we have in Africa are man-made. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

14. ... INFRASTRUCTURE, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY • And up till now the inherited military psyche has not completely • been divorced from the police and they have failed to see • themselves as a civilian establishment. • The political side of this is that our countries were not formed by • our forefathers but by foreigners. • There was no attempt to build a nation out of the multifarious • and diverse ethnicities which were lumped together to form • nations based on geographical proximity – not consent. These • more than anything else accounts for African being identified as • a continent in crisis. • We can take our destiny in our hands and forge a future which • would confound the history books and leave a legacy which • posterity will someday describe as our finest hour. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

15. … OVERVIEW • Location: • South-South in the oil rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria. • Along a Coastal Stretch of 129km from Oron in the East to Ikot Abasi in the West. • Providing a massive coastline with enormous opportunities. • Bordered on the East by Cross River State; on the West by Rivers State and Abia State, and on the South by the Atlantic Ocean. • Population - 3.9 million (2006), 4.2m projected in 2009. Akwa Ibom State Government Security Watch Africa Conference

16. ... AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLE • The rich human and material resources and the clement • weather combine to put the state in a pole position for • accelerate development. • What was needed was to have someone who could build • infrastructure, develop human resources, provide security • and set an agenda for development. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

17. To Transform Akwa Ibom State into a prosperous, highly educated, technologically driven and ethnically harmonious State in Nigeria. Akwa Ibom State Government Security Watch Africa Conference

18. 1 3 To achieve the ambitious objective of transforming the State, we set the following strategic goals. Akwa Ibom State Government Security Watch Africa Conference

19. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLE • We also resolved not to play politics of any kind with projects • and to be guided by best practices and serve the best interests • our people in the choice of projects and their locations. • Our first challenge was to change the deplorable state of roads • in the State as several roads had been abandoned for decades • and communities had been cut-off for long spells of time. • Some of these roads were federal roads, which had become • virtual deathtraps. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

20. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLE • We started with a master plan for an effective transportation • network for the State. • We did not discriminate between Federal and State roads, • because we believed that those who got injured and died on • those roads were covered by the social contract between the • government and the governed. • And there is no single Local Government Area in the State which • has not been touched by our revolutionary road transformation. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

21. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLESome of the Projects/programmes • Free and compulsory education; codified by law Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

22. Completion of Ibom International Airport, which we met at site- • clearing level and had since completed the first phase of the airport • with 3.6 km runway. • The airport comes with a maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) • facility. Domestic and international flight operations had since • commenced at the airport. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLEIbom International Airport Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

23. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLESome Pictures of the Ibom Intl Airport Facilities Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

24. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLE • We also resolved not to play politics of any kind with projects • and to be guided by best practices and serve the best interests • our people in the choice of projects and their locations. • Our first challenge was to change the deplorable state of roads • in the State as several roads had been abandoned for decades • and communities had been cut-off for long spells of time. • Some of these roads were federal roads, which had become • virtual deathtraps. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

25. ROADS as they were before intervention view from EkimItam market, EKIM ITAM AfahaObong by Queen of Apostle Seminary 3, Abak Akwa Ibom State Government ESU STREET, EKET Etim Ekpo – Iwukem Road Security Watch Africa Conference

26. Over 240 new roads, including about 200 km of Federal roads, constructed with three concentric flyovers in Uyo. • These roads, along with urban roads, have remained pothole-free under the Operational Zero Pothole Programme initiated by our administration. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLERoads Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

27. ROADS now Akwa Ibom State Government Security Watch Africa Conference

28. A section of EtimEkpo- Iwukem Road NOW Akwa Ibom State Government Entrance to Governors’ Lodge Security Watch Africa Conference

29. Akwa Ibom State Government Security Watch Africa Conference

30. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLEsome of the Projects/programmes • Construction of West African’s first digital library. This is an imposing edifice which would accelerate information and communication technology growth in the State. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

31. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLEHealthcare • Initiation and implementation of free healthcare programme for children, expectant mothers and the elderly. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

32. The initiation and completion of the 3.7 km underground drainage project using the pipe-jacking technology. The first of its kind in Africa and this hopes to provide a permanent cure for the erosion and flood problems in Uyo Capital City. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLEDrainage System Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

33. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLEPipe –jacking Technology Drainage System Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

34. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLEHealth- Hospitals • Construction of five new general hospitals and a specialist hospital of international standard. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

35. HEALTH FACILITIES Immanuel General Hospital, Eket General Hospital, Iquita, Oron Akwa Ibom State Government Cottage Hospital, Ibeno Cottage Hospital, IkotEkpene Security Watch Africa Conference

36. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLEIbomPower Plant • Completion of 191 megawatts Ibom Power Project, started by the preceding administration. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

37. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLEAerial view of the Ibom Power Plant Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

38. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLEGas Pipe Laying to the Power Plant • Construction of a gas processing plant with 69 km of pipeline to • supply gas to the IPP. Akwa Ibom State Government Gas Pipe Laying project for Ibom Power Plant by Septa Energy 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

39. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLERural Electrification • Comprehensive rural electrification scheme which has linked additional 1,400 communities, achieving 85 percent coverage, from the 35 percent level he met at assumption of office in 2007. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

40. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLE Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

41. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLEOther Projects • Through the Inter-ministerial Direct Labour model, over 3,000 projects spread across the 31 Local Government Areas with each Local Government not benefitting from less than 75 projects, have been completed and commissioned. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

42. OTHER DIRECT LABOR PROJECTS Rehabilitation of 6 bedroom bungalow health centre Nkana Construction of 12 Open Stall Iwochang Mini-Water Project IkotNkwotIkotNseyen Rehabilitation of Children's Ward Cottage Hospital Ekpene Obo Akwa Ibom State Government Security Watch Africa Conference

43. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLESECURITY • Improved security with the provision of patrol vehicles, armored personal carriers and gun boats to boost security operations in the State. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

44. SECURITY Mobile Police base, Ukana Police Boat Akwa Ibom State Government Security Watch Africa Conference

45. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLETROPICANA ENTERTAINMENT CENTER • Construction of a world class business and entertainment resort – the Tropicana Entertainment Center. • Cineplex (already completed), • Shopping malls, • Wet and dry park and a monorail, • Sixteen storey 250-bedroom five star • hotel, • international convention center. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

46. TROPICANA CONVENTION CENTER - Mall and Cineplex Akwa Ibom State Government Security Watch Africa Conference

47. TROPICANA CONVENTION CENTER ..inside Viewing Halls, Cineplex Akwa Ibom State Government Security Watch Africa Conference

48. AKWA IBOM STATE EXAMPLEOthers • Training and empowerment of over 3,000 youths with five hundred thousand naira loan under the integrated farmer’s scheme. • Improved worker’s welfare packages with the payment of a thirteenth month bonus salary. The first Governor in the country to accept to pay workers the N18,000.00 minimum wage. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

49. CONCLUSION • A careful study of the projects undertaken by this administration would show the link between infrastructure, human resource development and security. • The infrastructural needs of any society are hardly ever exhausted. It is apparent that as society evolves, the infrastructural needs also evolve correspondingly. At this critical time in our continent’s history, there is a greater demand on infrastructural needs, but with varying preferences to acquiesce with our own means. • This is our challenge and this is our call. We must rise up to meet these needs. We must respond to the call to develop our human resources to meet the challenges of an ever changing world. Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6

50. THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS Akwa Ibom State Government 8 Security Watch Africa Conference 6