The Opium War to the May Fourth Movement

1. The Opium War to the May Fourth Movement 1839-1919

2. Qing Dynasty 1644-1911 • It was old! So old! • Foreign policy = Tribute system • Modified mercantilism • Religious and culture diversity • Lead to strife and rebellion • Confined Europeans to ports in Guangzhou • China dictated trade and was world’s largest economic power

3. Here come the Europeans!Imperialism…yet again. • Why is China the ideal country to exploit? • The British want Chinese labor, raw materials, silk, tea, and porcelain… • The Chinese want… • What are the British going to sell to the Chinese to maintain a F.B.o.T.?

4. GB sells opium  Abused by Chinese  War between GB and China  And the winner is?

5. Modernized Country vs. Traditional Country The Opium War Who is going to win? Why? What is going to happen next? Why?

6. Review of the Opium War 1839-1842 Causes Effects • Trade imbalance • Addicting drug • Qing write GB to stop importation • Opium War breaks out • Smuggled in Opium • By 1835 12 million addicted. From 1729 to 1838 imports rose from 200 to 40,000 chests per year • GB refuse – why? • GB wins – why?

7. Treaty of Nanjing - 1842 • British receive Hong Kong • Five trading ports open • Extraterritoriality • Opium trade continues • “Unequal Treaty”

8. 18421898 Exploitation continues… Without enough American involvement…

9. What’s going on here? What are you looking at?Who is portrayed? What is the main idea?

10. New Foreign Policies Aiming to Exploit the Chinese Even More! Sphere of Influence Open Door Policy • Area where a nation controlled trade and investment • Japanese and European footholds • US attempt to keep China open • China’s borders open to merchants of all nations

11. – Adding Insult to Injury– Open Door Policy and Spheres of Influence

12. At this point in the story who is going to be upset with the status quo?

13. “Death to the foreign devils” Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists Nationalists attempt to kick out foreigners Defeated by a multinational force Result? Qing weak and divided Exploitation continues

15. Carnage of War "The villages had been burned and looted by the allied columns, the people had fled from their homes... the banks of the Peiho were reeking with the stench from the floating bodies of dead Chinamen.“ - US Army General

16. Who is to blame now? Wrath of the Chinese leads to a popular uprising against the Qing

17. 1911 Qing Dynasty ends Poor Puyi! Dr. Sun Yet San (Sun Yixian) forms the new Republic of China “Three Principles of the People” Nationalism People’s rights (Democracy) People’s livelihood (economy)

18. Student protests at the Temple of Heaven A Government in Crisis – Post WWI (1917) Ignored at T of V Students revolt Reject old customs and ways Rise in revolutionary thought Expulsion of literati Rise of communist thought Country devolving into two factions What two groups are going to battle for power?

19. May Fourth Movement Student demonstrations Outrage at Versailles Treaty Attempt to eliminate old customs/ways from society First attempt to modernize – NOT in the European tradition Intellectual turning point Rise of Communist thought

20. The End…

22. Taiping Rebellion – 1850-1864 Upset with weak government, capitalism, and westernization Hong Xiuquan - Goal to destroy Qing dynasty “Great Peace” Everyone equal in status and wealth Civil war ensues Over 20 million die

23. Result  China remains weak and divided