Chapter 12 Illegal Drugs

1. Chapter 12Illegal Drugs

2. Marijuana – dried flowers and leaves from the plant cannabis sativa. Active ingredient is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) • Short term effects- slows thinking ability, attention, distorts sense of space and time, giddiness, loss of short term memory, loss of balance and coordination, increased appetite, anxiety, panic attack

3. Are there any long term effects of using marijuana? • Long term effects – cancer, chronic bronchitis, damaged lung tissue • Brain has difficulty processing information

4. Quick Facts about Drunk and Drugged Driving • In 2005, 16,885 people died in alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes, accounting for 39% of all traffic-related deaths in the United States. • An alcohol-related motor vehicle crash kills someone every 31 minutes and non-fatally injures someone every two minutes. • Drugs other than alcohol (e.g., marijuana and cocaine) are involved in about 18% of motor vehicle driver deaths. These other drugs are generally used in combination with alcohol. • Each year, alcohol-related crashes in the United States cost about $51 billion.

5. Inhalants – drugs that are inhaled as vapors. Usually these are legal to buy and are common household items. • Effects – range from mild to severe. Hyperactivity, loss of inhibition,dizziness. • Stronger effects – loss of coordination, difficulty speaking or thinking, fear, anxiety, depression, nausea, vomiting, headache, and loss of consciousness.

6. 3 dangers of inhalants – damage to organs, dead brain cells, can cause sudden death • SUDDEN SNIFFING DEATH SYNDROME

7. What are inhalants? & How are they used? Inhalants are breathable chemical vapors that users intentionally inhale because of the chemicals' mind-altering effects. The substances inhaled are often common household products that contain volatile solvents or aerosols.

8. rubber cement household glue spray paint hairspray air freshener deodorant fabric protector nail polish remover helium paint thinner toxic markers gasoline dry cleaning fluid spot remover degreaser vegetable cooking spray propane Examples of Inhalants

9. Signs of Usage • paint or stains on body or clothing • spots or sores around the mouth • red or runny eyes or nose • chemical breath odor • drunk, dazed or dizzy appearance • nausea, loss of appetite • anxiety, excitability, irritability

10. Short-term Effects • rapid high – resembles alcohol intoxication • slows down the body’s functions • irregular and rapid heart rhythms • heart failure and death within minutes • “sudden sniffing death” can result from a single session of inhalant use

12. What are designer drugs? • Designer drugs – Drugs designed to closely resemble common illegal drugs in chemical structure and effect.

13. What are club drugs? • Club drugs are those sold and used in clubs and at raves. Designer drugs are also most commonly used in clubs and at raves. • Club Drugs = Designer Drugs

14. Ecstasy – MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine) most common club drug. It is both a hallucinogen and an amphetamine. • Causes intense thirst, can cause dehydration • Users may crave physical touch/contact

15. GHB – (gamma hydroxybutyrate) a clear liquid or white powder that causes euphoria, relaxation, dizziness, and loss of inhibitions. • Higher doses may cause vomiting, memory loss, respiratory problems, loss of consciousness, seizures, coma and death. • Even more dangerous with alcohol, highly addictive, known as a date-rape drug because it can be added to drinks undetected and causes memory loss.

16. Ketamine – club drug, causes hallucination, numbness, inability to move, loss of memory and separation from reality. This one was developed as an animal tranquilizer.

17. PCP – also called angel dust, can produce effects ranging from mild euphoria to distortions of reality, out of body experiences, psychotic behavior. Often results in violent behavior and harm to user or others.

18. Look-alike Drugs – Drugs such as PMA and DXM created to resemble Ecstasy - they are not reliable in their content and can be harmful.

19. Anabolic Steroids – synthetic versions of the male hormone testosterone. Used to promote muscle building. There are many negative side effects from long term use of these drugs. Under a doctor's supervision, anabolic steroids have some legitimate medical uses, as do corticosteroids, a different type of steroid used to reduce swelling.

20. Here's a list of some of the most common anabolic steroids taken today: anadrol, oxandrin, dianabol, winstrol, deca-durabolin, and equipoise.

21. Effects on males – stunted growth, aggression, paranoia, liver cancer, increased cholesterol, heart disease, severe acne, baldness, shrinking of testicles, reduced sperm count, infertility • Effects on females – severe acne, increased cholesterol, increased facial hair, baldness, deeper voice, disrupted menstrual cycle, infertility, bloating, rapid weight gain, liver cancer

22. Stimulants – drugs that temporarily increase a person’s energy and alertness. May cause euphoria, loss of appetite, restlessness, anxiety. • Usually snorted, injected, smoked or swallowed. • Effects – nervousness, irritability, panic, aggressive behavior, kidney damage, liver damage, heart failure, death • Examples include cocaine and methamphetamine

23. Depressants – Drugs that cause relaxation and sleepiness. Most depressants are in pill form and can produce effects such as euphoria, reduced anxiety, loss of inhibitions, drowsiness • Effects – overdose effects may include slurred speech, loss of coordination, confusion, heart rate and breathing slowed, loss of consciousness, coma and death. • Examples: sleeping pills, Rohypnol, GHB, DXM and Zanax (anxiety meds)

24. Opiates – a group of highly addictive drugs derived from the poppy plant – they are used as pain relievers, anesthetics and sedatives. • They include heroin, opium, morphine, codeine, vicadin, oxycontin • Effects – negative effects may include nausea, vomiting, constipation, confusion, loss of consciousness, dangerously slowed breathing, coma and death.

25. Hallucinogens – smoked or swallowed drugs that distort perception and cause the user to experience things that are not real. • Effects – can cause extreme anxiety, fear and paranoia. Can cause flashbacks. Not addictive if they are only hallucinogens, but when amphetamines are added they become addictive, like MDMA. • Examples – (LSD)Acid, mushrooms (psilocybin) • Greatest concern is accidental death caused by fear/paranoia during hallucination