PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES

1. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES

2. GEORGE WASHINGTON • Whiskey Rebellion– farmer rebellion over Hamilton’s economic plan (tax); Washington ended quickly sending message armed resistance to gov’t not allowed • Farewell Address--no political parties and no foreign entanglements • Precedents– serve only two terms, Mr. President

3. JOHN ADAMS • XYZ Affair – tired to meet with France; they sent agents with demands we refused; fought an unofficial war with France after • Alien and Sedition Acts – took away rights of immigrants and silenced critics of government

4. THOMAS JEFFERSON • Democratic-Republican Party • Agrarian empire – farmers! • Louisiana Purchase – 1803bought from France for $15 million doubling size of US • Embargo Act – halted all trade attempting to solve issues at sea; hurt US economy and still ended up going to war with Britain

5. JAMES MADISON • War of 1812 – US vs. GB; US won • Star Spangled Banner – written after Battle of Fort McHenry by Francis Scott Key • Battle of New Orleans – Andrew Jackson hero • US begins to make own manufactured goods formerly imported from Britain

6. JAMES MONROE • Era of Good Feelings • Monroe Doctrine--Europe should not interfere in Latin America or the U.S.

7. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS • The “corrupt bargain” ruined his presidency and he only served 1 term

8. ANDREW JACKSON • Spoils system – giving gov. jobs to supporters • Indian Removal Act – Cherokee sue (Worcester v. Georgia) and win but Jackson has them removed - Trail of Tears • Nullification Crisis over Tariff of Abominations – south threaten to secede • Vetoed the National Bank charter, creating an economic panic

9. MARTIN VAN BUREN • Economic depression

10. WILLLIAM HENRY HARRISON • Won election on a log cabin campaign - “Tippecanoe and Tyler, too” • First president to die in office

11. JOHN TYLER • First Vice President to take over when a President died in office • Encouraged the annexation of Texas

12. JAMES K. POLK • Manifest Destiny • Oregon Country - 54°40´ or fight • Accomplished the annexation of Texas • The Mexican War – Polk provoked Mexico into the war to gain land in the west

13. TAYLOR, FILLMORE, PIERCE, BUCHANAN • Failed to stop the Civil War • Compromise of 1850, Kansas and Nebraska Act, etc

14. ABRAHAM LINCOLN • Republican Party • Civil War president • Emancipation Proclamation – freed slaves in the south • Gettysburg Address – dedicated cemetery in Gettysburg • 10% Reconstruction Plan – forgive South and put the country back together • First president to be assassinated

15. MANIFEST DESTINY

16. As the United States population grew, so did the need for more land. • More and more people moved west to find new economic opportunity.

17. WHY DID THE GOVERNMENT ENCOURAGE PEOPLE TO MOVE WEST? • More farmland • Increase trade • Spread democracy • “Civilize” the native population

18. American’s of the 1800’s believed in Manifest Destiny--that it was God’s will that they settle the North American continent from ocean to ocean.

20. WHO IS IN THE WAY?

21. WESTERN TERRITORIAL ACQUISITIONS • Louisiana Purchase • 1803, France, $15 million, X2 country, Lewis and Clark, Sacagawea • Republic of Texas annexed • Mexican War led to the Mexican Cession • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • California – 1849, Gold Rush, 49ers • Utah – Mormon Migration • Oregon Country divided with Britain • Mountain Men, Oregon Trail • Gadsden Purchase • Florida • Spain, Adams-Onis Treaty

22. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

23. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • Machines do the work of people.

24. HOW DID IT HAPPEN IN AMERICA? • IR came from England to New England--rivers, good ports, labor source • Free enterprise system encouraged the development of new businesses.

25. HOW DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AFFECT AMERICAN LIFE? • People left farms and moved to cities for factory jobs. • Urban areas grew.

26. INVENTIONS • Cotton gin, steam engine (steamboats and railroads), interchangeable parts and the assembly line.

27. Industrial workers suffered from long hours, low pay, and poor working conditions.

28. REFORM MOVEMENTS

29. REFORM MOVEMENTS • Many Americans in the 1800’s felt that life in the United States could be improved.

30. ABOLITION • Get rid of slavery • Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, Grimke sisters, Harriet Tubman.

31. TEMPERANCE • No drinking alcohol

32. WOMEN’S MOVEMENT • Wanted equal rights with men and suffrage • Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony • Seneca Falls Convention

33. PRISON/TREATMENT OF THE MENTALLY ILL • Dorothea Dix

34. TRANSENDENTALISTS • Stressed the relationship between humans and nature and the importance of individual conscience. • Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau

35. SECOND GREAT AWAKENING • Religious movement to improve life in America.

36. BACKGROUND TO THE CIVIL WAR SECTIONAL ISSUES THAT SPLIT THE COUNTRY

37. TARIFFS • Taxes on imported goods. • NORTH--favored the tariff because it protected American business. • SOUTH--against the tariff because it made manufactured goods that farmers had to buy more expensive.

38. SLAVERY • NORTH--had little effect on the economy; the North had mostly factories and businesses and small farms with no need for slaves. • SOUTH--dependent on slave labor because of the labor-intensive crops on plantations (tobacco and cotton).

39. STATES’ RIGHTS vs. NATIONAL POWER--WHO IS SUPREME? • The Nullification crisis during the Jackson administration and the Kansas-Nebraska Act (popular sovereignty) raised a debate about states’ rights.

40. John C.Calhoun--South • Daniel Webster--North • Henry Clay--the Great Compromiser

41. As the U.S. gained more land (Manifest Destiny), territories began applying for statehood. • Both sides wanted to maintain a balance between slave and free states. • Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850.

42. As time went on, more events caused tension between the North and South. • Kansas-Nebraska Act, Fugitive Slave Act, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Dred Scott decision, John Brown’s raid, Election of 1860.

43. The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 resulted in the secession of South Carolina.

44. The Civil War began in April 1861 when Confederate forces fired upon Ft. Sumter, South Carolina.

45. THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION

46. UNION--the North • CONFEDERACY--the South

47. PEOPLE TO KNOW • Abraham Lincoln--president of the Union • Jefferson Davis--president of the Confederacy • U.S. Grant--commander of Union forces • Robert E. Lee--commander of Confederate forces

48. CIVIL WAR TIMELINE • Firing on Ft. Sumter--war began • First Battle of Bull Run--first major battle of the war • Battle of Vicksburg--Union took control of the Mississippi River • Emancipation Proclamation--Lincoln ordered all slaves in the Confederate states were free

49. TIMELINE, cont. • Battle of Gettysburg--stopped the Confederate invasion of the North • Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the Civil War • Assassination of Lincoln--by John Wilkes Booth five days after the surrender.

50. RECONSTRUCTION • The period of time in U.S. history after the Civil War when the United States and the South were rebuilt.