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United States Presidents

United States Presidents. George Washington 1789-1797. Commander in Chief of Continental Army Set precedents- two terms, cabinet Strengthen new government- use of force in Whiskey Rebellion Kept peace through Proclamation of Neutrality and Jay Treaty

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United States Presidents

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  1. United States Presidents

  2. George Washington1789-1797 • Commander in Chief of Continental Army • Set precedents- two terms, cabinet • Strengthen new government- use of force in Whiskey Rebellion • Kept peace through Proclamation of Neutrality and Jay Treaty • Farewell Address- set policy of isolationism

  3. John Adams1791-1801 • 1st vice-president; 2nd president • Undeclared war with France [XYZ Affair] • Alien and Sedition Acts- attempted to eliminate opposition to Federalist Party-made Adams unpopular

  4. Thomas Jefferson1801-1809 • Wrote Declaration of Independence • Favored limited, decentralized government • Louisiana Purchase- sent Lewis and Clark to explore Louisiana Territory • Embargo Act of 1807- resulted in hurt U.S. trade

  5. James Monroe1817-1825 • Purchased Florida (1819) • Monroe Doctrine (1823)-U.S. foreign policy in Western hemisphere • Era of Good Feelings (1815-1830)- time of peace, growing nationalism and internal improvements (roads and canals)

  6. Andrew Jackson1829-1837 • Hero of Battle of New Orleans (War of 1812) • Democracy expanding [convention system] • Expands presidential power [spoils system] • Closes Bank of the United States • Fights against nullification act • Forced removal of Native Americans [Trail of Tears]

  7. James Polk1845-1849 • Supporter of Manifest Destiny • Oregon Country (1846) • Mexican-American War (1846-1848) • Mexican Cession (1848)

  8. Abraham Lincoln1861-1865 • Opposed spread of slavery into territories • 1st Republican president • President during Civil War- expanded president’s power during wartime • Emancipation Proclamation (1863) • Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction

  9. Andrew Johnson1865-1869 • Became president after Lincoln’s assassination • Disagreed with Congress (Radical Republicans) over Reconstruction • Impeached by the House of Representatives, but not removed from office by Senate

  10. Theodore Roosevelt1901-1909 • Domestic program- Square Deal • Progressive president- “Trustbuster”, conservationist, Meat Inspection Act & Pure Food and Drug Act • Roosevelt Corollary [Big Stick Policy]- U.S. would act as police force in Latin America • Gentlemen’s Agreement • Panama Canal

  11. Woodrow Wilson1913-1921 • Progressive president- New Freedom-enforcement of antitrust laws • World War I (1917-1918)- U.S.entered because of Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare • Fourteen Points- included freedom of seas, self-determination • League of Nations- Senate refused to sign Treaty of Versailles and join the League

  12. Herbert Hoover1929-1933 • Oct. 29, 1929- Stock Market Crash • Depression begins-Tried to restore confidence in economy, but did not believe government should become directly involved in economy • Bonus Army- 1932, WWI veterans gathered in DC and Hoover sent in army to disperse veterans • Took steps to use power of federal government, but lost to FDR in election

  13. Franklin D Roosevelt1933-1945 • New Deal • AAA, WPA, CCC • FDIC, Social Security Act, Minimum Wage • Supreme Court- tried to increase # of justices • Good Neighbor Policy • Internment of Japanese Americans

  14. Harry Truman1945-1953 • Atomic Bombs- end of World War II (1945) • Cold War begins • Truman Doctrine- policy of containment • Marshall Plan- plan to rebuild Europe • Domestic policy- Fair Deal- extend reforms of New Deal • Korean War (1950-1953)

  15. Dwight Eisenhower1953-1961 • Domino Theory- if one nation fall to communism, others will • Arms race- build up of nuclear weapons • Eisenhower Doctrine- pledge to help Middle East resist communism • Little Rock, Arkansas- sent troops to protect African American students • Peaceful coexistence- 1955, relations between superpowers improved • Space race- 1957 USSR launched Sputnik

  16. John F Kennedy1961-1963 • New Frontier • Peace Corps • Space program • Alliance for Progress- improve relations with Latin America • Bay of Pigs-failed attempt to remove Castro from power • Cuban Missile Crisis- brinksmanship • Berlin- pledge support to West Berlin after wall is built

  17. Lyndon B Johnson1963-1969 • Great Society Programs • War on Poverty • Medicare/ Medicaid • Head Start • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution-Lead to increased involvement in Vietnam War • Civil Rights Act of 1964- turning point • Voting Rights Act of 1965

  18. Richard Nixon1969-1974 • Vietnam War • Vietnamization • Bombing of Cambodia; protest at Kent State • Withdrawal of troops 1973; War Powers Act • Détente with USSR and China • Recognized China • SALT agreement • Watergate Affair • United States v. Nixon; president is not above the law • Resignation; public distrust of government

  19. Jimmy Carter1977-1981 • Oil Crisis- OPEC raised oil prices • Panama Canal Treaty- control of canal returned to Panama in 1999 • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan- U.S. supported rebels • Camp David Accords-peace agreement between Israel and Egypt • Iranian hostage Crisis- failed rescue attempt

  20. Ronald Reagan1981-1989 • Reaganomics- supply-side economics • Federal budget deficits- cut taxes and increased military spending • Hard line against communism and Soviet Union • Renewed Détente in 1985 when Gorbachev became leader of Soviet Union • Iran-Contra Affair

  21. Bill Clinton1993-2000 • Attempted health care and social security reform • Reduced federal deficit • NAFTA • Peacekeeping efforts-Bosnia, Somalia, Haiti • Arab-Israeli Peace • Scandals- Whitewater, impeachment

  22. George W Bush2001-2008 • Bush v. Gore • Tax cuts- led to increase federal deficits • War on Terrorism- Sept. 11th; hunt for Bin Laden and al Qaeda • Iraq War- WMDS; remove Saddam Hussein from power • Hurricane Katrina • No Child Left Behind- education reform • Economic Crisis- Bank bailouts

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