Why is it called the Cold War?

1. Why is it called the Cold War? The Odd Couple….

2. Relationship doomed from the start • U.S and U.S.S.R. are complete opposites • U.S.A = Capitalism • Private ownership • Survival of the fittest, freedom of competition • Government is “Laissez-faire” or hands off • Soviet Union = communism • Gov’t owns industry • Classless society • Goal is to bring equality to the people

3. Domino Theory and Vietnam • If Vietnam fell to communist, countries around it might become vulnerable. • JFK dies in 1963 leaving Johnson with a decision to go to war or not.

4. Vietnam take a turn for the worse. • By 1968 it is becoming clear to Americans that the war is not going to be over quick and they turn on Johnson and the war. • America is at a crossroads: • Do we extend the war to win? • Or pull out and admit defeat? • Why is this decision so important to the larger Cold War with the U.S.S.R?

5. 1970s and the End of the Cold War

6. 1968 Presidential election. • Nixon Vs. Bobby Kennedy. • Nixon had run against JFK and lost in 1960. • Bobby assassinated in 1968 after winning the democrat primary. Essentially allowing Nixon to take the election.

8. Nixon’s Solution in Vietnam • “Madman Theory” • 1970 Go into Cambodia and Laos, renew massive bombing, to show that Nixon is willing to do anything to win. • Christmas bombing: • Around the Clock bombing on Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong. Not making the same mistake twice!

9. Peace Talks • U.S. troops removed in 1973. • Negotiated a cease fire with the NLF. • Vietnamization: • Train South Vietnamese soldiers to take care of themselves. • North takes Saigon in 1975. • America officially looses its first large scale military conflict in over 200 years.

10. Legacy of Vietnam • 185,000 Vietnamese soldiers killed 450,000 wounded! • 60,000 U.S. Soldiers killed, over 300,000 wounded. • Spent $150 Billion! • Refugees: 700,000 eventually settled in U.S.) • America looses respect around the world. Why?

11. Watergate • 1972 Election • “Plumbers” = Political Sabotage. • Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein • Washington Post • “What did the President know and when did he know it?” • The Tapes: 18 minutes missing? • Nixon Resigns in 1974

14. “A Ford not a Lincoln” • Not elected Vice President or President • Pardoned Nixon • Democrats controlled congress • Continue the process of Détente.

15. Détente: • Easing of tension between Soviets and Americans. • Peace talks and agreements to be more friendly • Problem: There was no clear definition of what “friendly” meant. It also relied on good faith.

16. What were the two economic systems each side was fighting to preserve? • In what year did public opinion significantly turn against the Vietnam War after the TET Offensive? • In 1970 President Nixon sent even more troops and planes into Vietnam as part of his “Madman Theory”. True / False • List the order of Presidents from 1962 to 1972. • Which two Presidents of the three listed above had their terms cut short? • Which President was associated with Watergate? • Which Presidential candidate was assassinated just before the 1968 election? • In what year did American troops pull out of Vietnam? • What music festival signified the end of the summer of love? • What president refused to run for president again because he didn’t want to be remembered as the guy who lost Vietnam?

17. Jimmy Carter and the end of the 70s.

18. Carter’s Presidency • Seen as an “Honest man with deep religious faith” but, was also seen as weak by the end of his presidency. • Environmental Concerns • Three Mile Island & Love Canal • Focus on Human Rights • Basic Human rights throughout the world • Camp David Accords • Solve relations between Egypt and Isreal. • Causes power vacuum in middle east.

19. Iranian Hostage Crisis • 1979 revolution to overthrow the Shah. • Americans allow Shah to enter the U.S. for cancer treatment. • Resulted in capture of several dozen Americans. • Military rescue mission goes horrible. • Kills Carter’s chance of reelection.

20. Iranian Hostage Crisis

21. 1980s “Conservative Era” • New Right • Advocated major reversals in liberal government, economics, and social policies. • Reaganomics • “Trickle-down” economics

23. End of the Cold War! • The “Evil Empire” • Rejected Détente and Containment. • Wanted to destroy communism • Military Spending • $150 billion in 1981 to $250 billion in 1985 • SDI “Star Wars • Soviet Empire Collapses • Election of Gorbachev (1985) • Berlin Wall comes down in 1989

24. Star Wars, Reaganomics

25. Berlin Wall Falls We welcome change and openness; for we believe that freedom and security go together, that the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace. There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace. General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization, come here to this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!

28. Reagan Revolution. • "Government is not the solution to our problems; government is the problem.“ • Assassination attempt in 1981. Missed heart by less than an inch.! • Bringing back a moral America , with small government. • War on Drugs: • Believed that drugs were destroying our schools and neighborhoods. “Just say no” campaign.

29. Histo-Poem • Write a 1 page poem about the United States that covers 1963 to 1989. • Include: • Presidents, JFK, LBJ, Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan • Vietnam • Cold War • Berlin Wall.

30. Reagan & Bush Era America • Moral Majority: Fundamental religious group dedicated to bringing back traditional family values. • Reduce divorce rate • end out-of-wedlock births • Bring back individual responsibility • Renew Patriotism • Abstinence

31. Deregulation: Cut back on gov’t influence of industry. Increase competition and lower prices. Corruption and relaxing of EPA = more oil drilling. More Timber Cuts and Coal Mining. How is this good? Bad?

32. 1988 Election “Bush v Dukakis” • Bush Ran on Reagan’s platform and conservative following. • Ran “attack ads” painting Dukakis as a softy on crime and unpatriotic. • Main slogan “Read my lips: No new taxes!” • Easily won the election even though voter turnout was at an all time low.

34. Social Concerns of the 1980s • AIDS: People were uneducated and was used to fuel hatred towards Gays. Originally called GRID (gay related im. Def) • People were uneducated about the disease, fear of contagion was wide and a bad stigma was given to those with it. • By late 1980s more non-gays getting it and public awareness campaigns start.

35. AIDS Quilt 1987 • Gay Rights Movement. • Famous People: • Magic Johnson • Eazy-E • Arthur Ash (tennis)

37. Education • “Nation at Risk”: • Surprise report that showed U.S. students were falling behind the rest of industrial world. • More homework, longer days , more basic subject classes (Math, English, Science, Computer) called for 200-220 school days! • “America 2000” • Use public funds to send kids where parents wanted. Public, private, religious. • Positives, Negatives of this?

38. By the Year 2000: • The high school graduation rate will increase to at least 90 percent. • All students will leave grades 4, 8, and 12 having demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter including English, mathematics, science, foreign languages, civics an government, economics, the arts, history, and geography, and every school in America will ensure that all students learn to use their minds well, so they may be prepared for responsible citizenship, further learning, and productive employment in our nation's modern economy. • United States students will be first in the world in mathematics and science achievement. • Every adult American will be literate and will possess the knowledge and skills necessary to compete in a global economy and exercise the rights and responsibilities of citizenship. • Every school in the United States will be free of drugs, violence, and the unauthorized presence of firearms and alcohol and will offer a disciplined environment conducive to learning. • Every school will promote partnerships that will increase parental involvement and participation in promoting the social, emotional, and academic growth of children."

39. Urban Issues • Middle class: Moved out of the inner cities • Urban Tension became racial as jobs became scarce, infrastructure crumbled, and schools fell apart. • Competition for jobs and drug trafficking heightened the tension between minority groups. • Rodney King: was the spark that ignited the fire.

40. What do you feel is the message of this poem? How might it apply to the 1980s? What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up Like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore- And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar all over- Like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags Like a heavy load Or does it explode? Langston Hughes “Harlem” 1951

41. Down Rodeo • What are some references the song makes to the problems of the 1980s? • What do you see as the main message of the song? Explain, use lines from the song to help you.

42. L.A. Riots 1992 • Result of the 1991 beating of Rodney King. High speed chase, King resisted arrest and refused to stay down. • Influence of Mass media and video release prior to verdict.

43. For the World to See • Verdict announced live. • One officer charged with excessive force, and the others were cleared of all charges. Believed King was on PCP. • Racial tension high in part because of changing demographics.

45. “Lawlessness and Violence” • Reginald Denny • White man Pulled from truck and beaten by Black mob. • Police don’t respond after being ordered to leave for their own safety. Filmed from the sky by news cameras. • Est 53 people were killed during riots. • Fidel Lopez: • Guatemalan immigrant and store owner beaten and spray painted black. Most of the crime targeted Hispanic and Asian residents.

46. Over $1 billion in damage!

47. Set Curfews, called in National Guard

48. Mass looting in the streets

49. Sublime “April 29th, 1992” • April 26th, 1992There was a riot on the streetsTell me where were you?You were sittin' home watchin' your TVWhile I was participating in some anarchyFirst spot we hit it was the liquor storeI finally got all that alcohol I can't affordWith red lights flashin', time to retireAnd then we turned that liquor store into a structure fireNext stop we hit, it was the music shop,It only took one brick to make the window dropFinally we got our own P.A.Where do you think I got this guitar that you're hearing today?(Cuz' as long as I'm alive, I'ma live ill B)When we returned to the pad to unload everythingIt dawned on me that I need new home furnishingsSo once again we filled the van until it was fullSince that day my livin' room's been much more comfortable

50. Cause everybody in the hood has had it up to hereIt's getting harder, and harder, and harder each and every yearSome kids went in a store with their motherI saw her when she came out she was gettin' some PampersThey said it was for the black manThey said it was for the mexicanBut not for the white manBut if you look at the streets, it wasn't about Rodney KingIt's this f’d-up situation and these f’d-up policeIt's about comin' up and stayin' on topAnd screamin' 187 on a mother fn' copIt's ain't in the paper, it's on the wallnational guard smoke from all around • (Any unit, any unit...)(Homicide, never doing no time)Give me my share, my share.Gimme my share, I want it.Gimme my share, I need it now, I need it now.My share.A wicked one who doesn't wanna see me go.Just gimme my share, I want it. Gimme my share.But you don't want to give it to me,you don't wanna see me go.Gimme my share, I want it, Gimme my share.But there is a wicked one.