Discuss the underlying principles of high-performance work systems. Identify the components that make up a high-performa

1. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage LearningAll rights reserved.

2. Chapter ObjectivesAfter studying this chapter, you should be able to • Discuss the underlying principles of high-performance work systems. • Identify the components that make up a high-performance work system. • Describe how the components fit together and support strategy. • Recommend processes for implementing high-performance work systems. • Discuss the outcomes for both employees and the organization. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

3. High-Performance Work System (HPWS) • HWPS • Is a specific combination of HR practices, work structures, and processes that maximizes employee knowledge, skill, commitment, and flexibility. • Is composed of many interrelated parts that complement one another to reach the goals of an organization, large or small. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

4. Developing High-Performance Work Systems FIGURE16.1 © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

5. Underlying Principles of High-Performance Work Systems FIGURE16.2 © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

6. Principles of HPWS • Egalitarianism and Engagement • Egalitarian work environments eliminate status and power differences and, in the process, increase collaboration and teamwork. • When this happens, productivity can improve if people who once worked in isolation from (or opposition to) one another begin to work together. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

7. Principles of HPWS (cont’d) • Shared Information • A shift away from the mentality of command and control toward one more focused on employee commitment. • Creating a culture of information sharing where employees are more willing (and able) to work toward the goals for the organization. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

8. Principles of HPWS (cont’d) • Knowledge Development • Employees in high-performance work systems need to learn in “real time,” on the job, using innovative new approaches to solve novel problems • The number of jobs requiring little knowledge and skill is declining while the number of jobs requiring greater knowledge and skill is growing rapidly. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

9. Principles of HPWS (cont’d) • Performance-Reward Linkage • It is important to align employee and organizational goals. When rewards are connected to performance, employees will naturally pursue outcomes that are mutually beneficial to themselves and the organization. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

10. Anatomy of High-Performance Work Systems FIGURE16.3 © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

11. Training and Development Staffing Practices Compensation Complementary Human Resources Policies and Practices © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

12. Assessing Strategic Alignment:Fitting It All Together • The HR Scorecard • Assessing Internal fit • Do all internal elements of the HR system complement and reinforce one another? • Assessing HR Practices • Do HR practices significantly enable key workforce deliverables such as employment stability and teamwork? • Assessing External Fit • Are workforce deliverables connected with key strategic performance drivers? © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

13. Achieving Strategic Fit FIGURE16.4 © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

14. 1B Diagnosing Internal Fit Please indicate the degree to which each HR deliverable in the following chart would currently enable each strategic driver, on a scale of –100 to +100. Empty cells indicate this is not a key deliverable for a particular driver. Examples of the extremes and midpoints on that continuum are as follows: –100: This deliverable is counterproductive for enabling this driver. 0: This deliverable has little or no effect on this driver. +100: This deliverable significantly enables this driver. DNK: Don’t know or have no opinion. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

15. 1C Testing the Alignment of HR Deliverables Please indicate the degree to which each HR deliverable in the following chart would currently enable each strategic driver, on a scale of –100 to +100. Empty cells indicate this is not a key deliverable for a particular driver. Examples of the extremes and midpoints on that continuum are as follows: –100: This deliverable is counterproductive for enabling this driver. 0: This deliverable has little or no effect on this driver. +100: This deliverable significantly enables this driver. DNK: Don’t know or have no opinion. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

16. Implementing the System • Necessary Actions for a Successful HPWS: • Ensure that change is owned by senior and line managers. • Allocate sufficient resources and support for the change effort. • Ensure early and broad communication. • Ensure that teams are implemented in a systemic context. • Establish methods for measuring the results of change. • Ensure continuity of leadership and champions of the initiative. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

17. Implementing High-Performance Work Systems FIGURE16.5 © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

18. Building Cooperation with Unions FIGURE16.6 © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

19. Benefits of HPWS • Employee Benefits • Have more involvement in the organization. • Experience growth and satisfaction, and become more valuable as contributors. • Organizational Benefits • High productivity • Quality • Flexibility • Customer satisfaction © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

20. Benefits of HPWS • Employee Benefits • Have more involvement in the organization. • Experience growth and satisfaction, and become more valuable as contributors. • Organizational Benefits • High productivity • Quality • Flexibility • Customer satisfaction © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

21. Build a Transition Structure Implement High-performance Work Incorporate the HR Function as a Valuable Partner Navigating the Transition to High-Performance Work Systems © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

22. Evaluating the Success of the System • Process audit • Determining whether a high-performance work system has been implemented as designed: • Are employees actually working together, or is the term “team” just a label? • Are employees getting the information they need to make empowered decisions? • Are training programs developing the knowledge and skills employees need? • Are employees being rewarded for good performance and useful suggestions? • Are employees treated fairly so that power differences are minimal? © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

23. Evaluating the Success of the System (cont’d) • To determine if a HPWS program is reaching its goals: • Are desired behaviors being exhibited on the job? • Are quality, productivity, flexibility, and customer service objectives being met? • Are quality-of-life goals being achieved for employees? • Is the organization more competitive than in the past? © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

24. Outcomes of High-Performance Work Systems • Employee Outcomes and Quality of Work Life • More involved in work • More satisfied and find that needs for growth are more fully met • More informed and empowered, feel that they have a fuller role to play in the organization and that their opinions and expertise are valued more • Have a greater commitment that comes from higher skills and greater potential for contribution © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

25. Outcomes of High-Performance Work Systems (cont’d) • Organizational Outcomes and Competitive Advantages • Higher productivity • Lower costs • Better responsiveness to customers • Greater flexibility • Higher profitability © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

26. Valuable Rare Characteristics of Employees’ Competencies Organized Difficult to Imitate Achieving Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Employees © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

27. 2 The Impact of High-Performance Work Systems • Ames Rubber Corporation, a New Jersey–based manufacturer of rubber products and office machine components, experienced a 48 percent increase in productivity and five straight years of revenue growth. • Sales at Connor Manufacturing Services, a San Francisco firm, grew by 21 percent, while new orders rose 34 percent and the company’s profit on operations increased 21 percent to a record level. • Over a seven-year period, Granite Rock, a construction material and mining company in Watsonville, California, experienced an 88 percent increase in market share, its standard for on-time delivery grew from 68 to 95 percent, and revenue per employee was 30 percent above the national average. • At One Valley Bank of Clarksburg, West Virginia, employee turnover dropped by 48 percent, productivity increased by 24 percent, return on equity grew 72 percent, and profits jumped by 109 percent in three years. • The Tennessee Eastman Division of the Eastman Chemical Company experienced an increase in productivity of nearly 70 percent, and 75 percent of its customers ranked it as the top chemical company in customer satisfaction. • A study by John Paul MacDuffie of sixty-two automobile plants showed that those implementing high-performance work systems had 47 percent better quality and 43 percent better productivity. • A study by Jeff Arthur of thirty steel minimills showed a 34 percent increase in productivity, 63 percent less scrap, and 57 percent less turnover. • A study by Mark Huselid of 962 firms in multiple industries showed that high-performance work systems resulted in an annual increase in profits of more than $3,800 per employee. © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

28. external fit high-performance work system (HPWS) internal fit process audit © 2010 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.