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Understanding LTE and 4G: The Future of Mobile Technology

Explore specifications and advancements in LTE, 4G, and evolution of mobile communications for enhanced data and voice services. Future potentials, network optimization, and benefits.

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Understanding LTE and 4G: The Future of Mobile Technology

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  1. LTE Patrick Urgento Sr Systems Engineer

  2. What is LTE • Specification managed by 3GPP organization • 3rd Generation Partnership Project • Scope to create global 3G spec based on GSM architecture • UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone System) Rel 99 • HSPDA (High Speed Download Packet Access) Rel 5 • HSPUA (Upload Access) Rel 6 • HSPA+ Rel 7, enhancements in Rel 8-10 • New LTE specification in Release 8, 4G Scope

  3. What is 4G? • 4th Generation of Mobile communications • First Gen Analog, AMPS • 2G, Digital, IncreaseVoice Capacity- TDMA, GSM & 1xRTT • 3G High Speed Data; EVDO, UMTS, HSPA • ITU defines 4G as 100 Mbps mobile, 1 Gbps stationary • LTE-Advanced & WiMax 2.0 4G certified, theoretically capable • Realistic? Nokia lab demo w/ 8 antennas, 60 MHz & 1 user • Market 4G defined as ~10X 3G or 5-10+ Mbps • Current gen WiMax, LTE & HSPA+

  4. LTE Multiplexing • 1G: FDMA 1 user, 1 channel, 30kHz, add channels for more users • 2G: CDMA or TDMA, 200 kHz to 1.25 MHz • 3G: CDMA & TDMA hybrid • 1.25 to 5 MHz channels • 1.2288 to 3.84 MSps • 4G: LTE & WiMax = OFDM • Slow down symbol rates, use multiple orthogonal frequencies • 15kHz channels Orthogonally spaced. 15 kSps • 802.11 A,G,N & HDTV all use OFDM

  5. LTE Channel Sizes • 2G; GSM= 200 kHz, 1xRTT = 1.25 MHz • 3G; HSPA = 5 MHz, EVDO = 1.25 MH • Wasted spectrum • Guard bands between carriers or left • Leftover spectrum unused Holdings • LTE is Flexible Channel Size • 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20 Mhz • ~100 subcarriers per MHz (128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536 or 2048) • Subcarriers are 15 kHz

  6. LTE Releases • Release 8 • Initial LTE release • Up to 4x4 MIMO • Release 9 • Minor enhancements • Currently built out by VZ, ATT & S • Release 10, LTE Advanced • 2013 Commercial Availability • Channel bonding up to 5X • 8x8 MIMO, SON

  7. Voice & LTE • LTE is a data focused technology, 3GPP never specified voice • CSFB-Circuit Switched Fall Back • Use 2G/3G technology to carry Voice, 1xRTT,UMTS, HSPA • SVLTE, Simultaneous Voice and LTE, uses extra power • Currently deployed • VoLTE- Carrier controlled COS VoIP with IMS interconnection • Efficient Cellular codecs, IMS transcodes to SIP or PSTN • Widely agreed upon, most likely future • OTT (Over the Top), Skype, Vonage, etc • No Quality of Service, inefficient codecs

  8. WIIFM? • How fast is it? Depends? • Channel size, Carrier Bonding, MIMO • Network Load -> Pricing • Signal Strength more important than ever • What does it do for me? • “Greasy Fast Speed!!!” • Wireline performance, latency, throughput • More applications, More operational users • Better Video Communications (Surveillance, Training, Service) • Consolidate Voice, VoIP, SIP

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