1 / 15

The Crusades Part II

The Crusades Part II. The 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th Crusades. The Crusader Kingdoms. The Second Crusade 1146. Nuredin had reconquered 2 Christian Kingdoms in the Holy Land (Edessa and Antioch) The Templars were formed in around 1118 to protect the new possessions and escort pilgrims

kolya
Download Presentation

The Crusades Part II

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Crusades Part II The 2nd, 3rd and 4th Crusades

  2. The Crusader Kingdoms

  3. The Second Crusade 1146 • Nuredin had reconquered 2 Christian Kingdoms in the Holy Land (Edessa and Antioch) • The Templars were formed in around 1118 to protect the new possessions and escort pilgrims • Poor planning and disagreements among the leaders led to failure of the crusade

  4. The 3rd Crusade 1189-1192 • Called by Pope Gregory VIII • Rationale: Saladin had recaptured Jerusalem in 1187 after defeating the Christian Army at the Battle of Hattin

  5. The call of the 3rd Crusade • Pope Gregory VIII convinces The HRE Frederick Barbarossa (c. 63 years old) to lead the Crusade • Phillip II Augustus (25) of France and Richard I (32) of England reluctantly agree to join the crusade • Depart in 1189 • All of Western Europe forced to pay the Saladin tax (10%) • Byzantine Emperor so weak he sided with Saladin

  6. Results • Frederick died fording the Saleph river in Asia Minor • Germans embalmed his body and carried it to Antioch in a barrel • Richard captured Tyre, Acre and Jaffa • Richard slaughters 3,000 Muslim prisoners (Acre) • Phillip is disappointed in his lack of spoils and leaves the holy land sick and frustrated • By 1191 the two sides have reached a stalemate • Richard and Saladin reach an agreement • Richard leaves in 1192 and is shipwrecked on the way home. (Ransom)

  7. The 4th Crusade 1201-1204 • Why the new route? • Holy Land and strike at Muslim power in Egypt

  8. The leadership • Theobold of Champagne (most popular) • Boniface of Montferrat • Pope Innocent III • New concept of attacking from Egypt

  9. The deal with Venice • 1201 The crusaders struck a deal with the city state of Venice (Doge EnricoDandalo) to carry them to the holy land • Ships and 9 months provisions for 4,500 knights and 29,000 squires and foot soldiers for 85,000 silver pieces • Maybe….a secret agreement to keep the crusade from reaching Egypt (they traded with Muslims there)

  10. Problems • Theobold dies and Boniface is named the Crusade leader • Boniface more interested in Byzantium than Jerusalem • French Knights either chose not to go or left from France on foot • When the crusaders arrive at Venice they only have 10,000 people total (34,000 silver pieces short)

  11. Solution • The Doge of Venice (Enrico Dandalo) offered a solution • The problem with Hungary and the island of Zara (Hungary is Roman Catholic) • Capture Zara and then are excommunicated by the Pope (later lifted)

  12. Constantinople • Issac II Angelus and his son Alexius IV are ruling the Byzantine Empire • They are dethroned and thrown in jail by Issac’s brother Alexius III • Alexius IV escapes to his brother in law Phillip of Swabia • He can’t help but he may have sent him to the Pope, who then sent him to Zara

  13. The 4th Crusade resumes • Alexius IV tries to convince the crusaders to help restore him to the throne of Byzantium • Also promised 10,000 soldiers for the crusade, money for the Venetians, and to re-unite the Churches • He also promised to help pay the Venetians the money they were owed • Hatred and jealousy of the Byzantines may have fueled the attack as well

  14. The Crusade in Byzantium 1203 • After the first attack Alexius III flees • Issac II and Alexius IV are restored • However…the people of Constantinople killed them • Alexius V Ducas Murzuphulus is placed on the throne • On April 13th 1204 the crusaders conquered the city (Alexius V fled)

  15. Results of the Crusades • More contact with the East (better culture) • More trade made Italian city states very wealthy (the Renaissance) • advances in military tactics, castle building • Many powerful lords left Western Europe, opened the door for Kings to consolidate power • Strong nation states • Expansion East stopped (forced to look West) • Age of exploration • Popes gained political influence (maybe too much?) • Perhaps perceived as too worldly? (may have led to shift of State over Church)

More Related