History of Computer Technology

1. History of Computer Technology By Arman Singh Kooner

2. Overview • The abacus was the first sort of computer that was invented several thousands of years ago. • In 1642, Blaise Pascal invented a numerical wheel calculator named ‘The Pascaline’ • In 1812, Charles Babbage, recognized the harmony between mathematics and astronomy. • In 1820, Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar invented the arithmetic.

3. First Generation Computer • Modern Computers were introduced during World War II • In England, a device called The Colossus was constructed to decode encrypted German messages. • In the U.S.A Army Ordnance Department and the University of Pennsylvania worked together to develop the ENIAC. • The ENIAC weighed 30 tons, contained 19,000 transistor tubes and 1,500 relays, and consumed 200 kilowatts of power.

4. Second Generation Computers • About in 1956, the second generation of computers came along. • Second Generation Computers were large, bulky, failure-prone vacuum tubes to transistors. • Transistors paved the way for much smaller, faster computers. • Machine language gave way to assembly language.

5. Third Generation Computers • The integrated circuit (IC), invented independently by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce in the late 1950s • ICs produced much less heat then transistors • More Components in a chip

6. Fourth Generation Computers • They kept decreasing the size of the microchip but the memory increased. • In 1974 the first affordable PC (Personal Computer), the MITS Altairs 8800 came out. • In 1981 IBM took out their first computer. • By 1990, 65 million PCs were in use. • There are many operating systems like UNIX and Windows.

7. COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

8. Hardware and Input/output Devices • Input Devices allow someone to enter information so the computer can do what its designated to do. • Without output devices, we would have no idea whether the computer was doing the right thing. • Early computers used banks of lights

9. Processers and Memory • The most important part of the computer is the CPU (central processing unit) • The CPU is the brain of the computer • Transistor is at the heart of the CPU • RAM (Random-access memory) is a storage unit for data going to and coming from the CPU.

10. Hard Drives and Removable Storage • For long term storage of data you can store data using hard drives, CD-ROMs, USBs, and floppy disks • Storage capacity depends on how many bytes you get • A primary source device in a computer is the hard drive

11. Network • Networking is the explosive growth area of computers • Media are the physical connections that join all the network’s part so they can communicate • Each node contains a network interface face (NIC)

12. NETWORK • All the work you do on the computer involves software • System software is low-level software that interacts with the computer at a very basic level • You use application software like word processing and email • Application software cannot run without an operating system.

13. OPERATION SOFTWARE • Operation systems perform important tasks • The CPU performs only one operation at a time • A user interacts with the computer through an interface • OSs fall into several categories that include single user multitasking and multiuser • Some examples for an operation system are UNIX/Linux, Mac ,and Windows

14. SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS • The type of software that you can buy at a nearby computer store is generally referred to as a desktop software • Desktop software usually runs on minimal hardware • Desktop software is frequently categorized by the type of function it gives you.

15. THE END BY ARMAN SINGH KOONER