So what is it ? Skin and accessory structures arising from it (i.e. hair , glands & nails )

1. BIOL 2010 Human Anatomy & Physiology I Into the Integumentary system!!! So what is it? Skin and accessory structures arising from it (i.e. hair, glands & nails)

2. What are the functions of the Integ. System?

3. What are the functions of the Integ. System? Protection: • “Keeps the outside out and the inside in” • Barrier formed by: • Layers (___________________) • Chemical barrier (_______________) • Cell connections (_________________________ see pg. ) When barrier penetrated then ________________ in dermis and hypodermis

4. What are the functions of the Integ. System? Temperature regulation: ______________ in the dermis and hypodermis _______ or ________ to regulate blood flow in skin. OK, so you have more blood circulating through your skin… So what?!? Heat lost via ___________, ___________,___________ & ___________

5. Take 5!!! You may have noticed that, on very cold winter days, people’s ears and noses turn red. Can you explain why this happens? Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer.

6. What are the functions of the Integ. System? Vitamin D production: Your body depends on _________ (UVB) to transform a precursor of vitamin D… 7-dehydrocholesterol into ________________ The intermediate (cholecalciferol) is converted to active vitamin D (______________) by liver and kidneys. Vitamin D helps regulate _______ levels. So how does this relate to skin color?

7. What are the functions of the Integ. System? Sensation: • Sensory receptors in dermis and hypodermis allow us to sense… • __________& _________ • ________ • ________ We’ll discuss these in detail in chpt. 15

8. What are the functions of the Integ. System? Excretion: Small amounts of ____________ ______ products (NH3, Urea etc.) are lost through sweating.

9. __________ Technically not part of the skin, varies in thickness depending in part on the amount of ___________ present BIOL 2010 Human Anatomy & Physiology I What are the main layers of the Integ. System? 3 main layers:_____________Thin layer of _________ ___________ epithelium ___________Thicker, tough layer of _______ __________ connective tissue and other components

10. What are the epithelial details? • Most ___________ layer • Comprised of stratified squamous epithelium • Most cells are *_____________ (become filled with keratin) • Some cells are: *___________ (give skin it’s pigmentation) *___________ (immune cells) • Outermost layer sloughs off… takes ___ - ____ days to replace

11. What are “mites and motes”? Most of the dust floating in sunbeams, covering the tops of bookshelves etc. is desquamated keratinocytes (i.e. _______ _____ ____) ______ ______ (Dermatophagoides) eat these cells. House dust allergies are generally Dust mite ______ _______________

12. Is the epidermis homogenous deep to superficial? 5 layers (strata) _____ Deepest layer, mitosis, pushes new cells upwards During “histo-prep” cells pull apart… still mitosis ________ __________ Keratohyalin granules, lamellar bodies release lipids The cell dies, organelles deteriorate leaving keratin ________ Thick layer of keratinized (dead) cells that sloughs off ________

13. Take 5!!! Some drugs are administered by applying the drug to the skin (ex., a nicotine patch). The drug diffuses through the epidermis to the blood vessels in the dermis. What kind of substances can pass easily through the skin by diffusion? What kind have difficulty? Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer.

14. Why are some people so “thick skinned”? Thick and Thin skin refers to ________ ______ not dermis or skin Thick skin

15. Why are some people so “thick skinned”? _____ ___: Not all 5 layers present, but hair is!

16. What are the Dermis Details? • Contains all the “goodies” • 2 layers _________ layer_________ layer Dermis is primarily what type of tissue? Consists of _________, _________ ____ and ___________ and _____ What types of fibers? ___________________________

17. What are the Dermis Details? 2 layers Reticular layer Papillary layer What is the function of the papillae?

18. How, what, where and why do we have “fingerprints”? Epidermis of some skin follows contours of __________ _________ ______. Is this in thin or thick skin?

19. Are all incisions created equally? ___________ (cleavage) _____ The fibers in the dermis are not arranged ___________ at ________. Greater strength in “lines” due to orientation of ____________ ________. Surgeons make incisions parallel to tension lines when possible

20. Is the skin equally strong in all directions? ________ (stretch marks) As the skin is stretched the dermis “ruptures” and forms linear scars (____). Striae gravidarum & lineae albicantes Let’s predict the orientation of tension lines based on the direction of striae!

21. Is the skin equally strong in all directions?

22. What are the Hypodermis Details? • _________, ______ ____ (____ of body fat) and macrophages • Primarily ______ _________ tissue • Also called _____________ or ___________ tissue

23. BIOL 2010 Human Anatomy & Physiology I What type of glands are in the skin? • ___________ glands… • _________ ______ glands • _________ ______ glands Abundant & widespread, mostly H2O, ducts to surface of skin, myoepithelial cells. Less abundant, found in ______, _____, _____ regions (& faces of men), > conc. Of ______ ______, bacteria breakdown cause rancid smell, ducts to hair follicles.

24. What type of glands are in the skin? __________ glands… Secrete _________ (oily substance) often into hair follicle (holocrine glands). Other glands… ____________ ____________

25. What’s all the fuzz about? Anatomy:_______________ Above skin Skin - to matrix Matrix to papilla Growth from ________!

26. Colors:Blonde - Black Red White Types:_______ _______ _______ Fetus & newborns Varying amounts of _______ Fine unpigmented hair ___________ pigment Coarse pigmented hair No melanin, ____ in medulla Texture:Straight Wavy Kinky _________ in cross-section _________ in cross-section _________ in cross-section What’s all the fuzz about?

27. Take 5!!! Predict #3 - pg. 146Marie Antoinette’s hair supposedly turned white overnight after she heard she would be sent to the guillotine. Explain why you believe or disbelieve this story! Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer.

28. Let’s nail down the anatomy! Growth also from ________ and also comprised of dead epithelial cells and _______ _______ What portion of the nail would a physician have to remove to eliminate the nail?

29. What causes differences in skin color? Caused by: __________ • Group of pigments (black, brown, yellowish, or reddish). • Produced by __________ ____________ • O2 transporting molecule in blood (__ makes it red) ____________ • Yellow/orange pigment

30. What about abnormal skin colorations? • Abnormal skin colorations: • ________ • ________ • ________ • ________ • ________ Cyan = blue Pallo = sway Albi = white Eryth = red

31. Why are burns some of the most painful injuries? Burns are ranked based on the severity and the depth of tissue destruction. 1st degree:____________ damaged ~red & painful, NO blisters 2nd degree:_________ & some _______ damaged ~red, white or tan, very painful, BLISTERS present 3rd degree (full thickness)_____ _______ ___________ ~black, NO pain, NO blisters

32. How do you determine the extent of a burn? Have you ever wondered how they measure % of body burned? They use the rule of 9s. 9 9 +9 = 18 18 + 18 = 36 1 +18 = 36 18 = 100%

33. How do skin wounds heal? _______ _____ forms (we’ll discuss later) Variety of new cells _________ to damaged area ____________divide rapidly and ________ invade tissue _______ replaced with other fibers 1 2 3 4

34. Is all skin cancer equally dangerous? Types are identified based on the type of cells that mutate:_____ ___ carcinoma Least dangerous, start as “shiny” bump, center becomes concave and ulcerus _________ ___ carcinoma Raised, red, “scaly” & ulcerus, can metastasize ___________ Dark, flat, irregular, most deadly