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Integumentary System

Integumentary System. Integumentary System –The Skin. This system is made of skin, hair, nails, glands, blood vessels and nerves. The skin is made of 2 main layers: Epidermis- Stratified squamous epithelial tissue. Dermis-connective tissue.

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Integumentary System

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  1. Integumentary System

  2. Integumentary System –The Skin This system is made of skin, hair, nails, glands, blood vessels and nerves. • The skin is made of 2 main layers: • Epidermis- Stratified squamous epithelial tissue. • Dermis-connective tissue

  3. Below the dermis is the hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue which is loose connective tissue and adipose (fat) • The hypodermis anchors the skin to the muscle, stores fat for energy and insulates the body.

  4. Thick Thin

  5. Cells of the skin • The skin grows by cell division from the bottom up • From the epidermis starting at the layer of cells called the stratum basale • The dermis contains blood vessels, the epidermis does not. As the cells move away from the dermis, diffusion of food cannot occur—the cells die.

  6. Cells of the skin • Special Cells in the stratum basale are the: • Melanocytes- make the brown pigment melanin-tan. Natural sunblock that protects against UV damage in the SB. • Keratinocytes- make a protein called keratin, which gives the skin its protective strength and makes it water proof.

  7. Example of thin skin

  8. Example of thick skin - palms of hands, soles of feet

  9. Function 1. Protection (barriers) • Chemical • Secretions are acidic which kill some bacteria • Melanocytes (in the stratum basale) create melanin that acts as a pigment shield

  10. Function • Physical • Contains hard, keratinized cells • Allows for limited absorption • O2, CO2, vitamins A, D, E, K • Steroids, oleoresins of plants • Organic solvents (acetone, paint thinner) • Heavy metal salts

  11. Function • Biological • Dermis contains immune cells: langerhans & phagocytes • UV radiation can damage these function of these cells

  12. Functions 2. Excretion • Examples: • Ammonia • Urea • NaCl • Uric Acid • Sweat

  13. Functions 3. Body Temperature Regulation • Temperature Increase • Blood vessels dilate (vasodilation), sweat glands are stimulated • Temperature Decrease • Blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction)

  14. Effects of Alcohol • Alcohol is a vasodilator-opens up blood vessels and sends blood to the skin. • Erythemic • Skin is warm

  15. Function 4. Cutaneous Sensation (touch) • Nervous sensory receptors are in the dermis and hypodermis 5. Vitamin D Synthesis • When exposed to sunlight, the skin turns 7-dehydrocholesterol in to vitamin D • Vitamin D allows for the absorption of calcium 6. Blood Reservoir

  16. The Sun and the Skin • Good Effects: Sun stimulates the production of Vitamin D which helps your body absorb Calcium from your gut into your blood. Calcium is important for strong bones. • Bad Effects: • Sun damages collagen and elastin fibers in the dermis causing wrinkles. • UV light mutates DNA in the stratum basale • Causes cancer.

  17. Skin colors • Erythem • redness caused by dilated (widened or open) blood vessels in the dermis. • Cyanosi • blue color occurs when blood doesn’t have oxygen.

  18. Skin Colors • Jaundice • yellow color occurs when a bile pigment called bilirubin builds up in the skin. Bile comes from the liver. • Pallo • pale color occurs when blood leaves the skin.

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