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Modeling the N-back-M-pitch paradigm

Modeling the N-back-M-pitch paradigm. Ion Juvina*, Michael Qin^, & Christian Lebiere* *Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University ^Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future. Outline. Task

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Modeling the N-back-M-pitch paradigm

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  1. Modeling the N-back-M-pitch paradigm Ion Juvina*, Michael Qin^, & Christian Lebiere* *Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University ^Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory

  2. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Outline • Task • Study • Cognitive model • Discussion • Future work

  3. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Diving • Breathing compressed air at depth • Hyperbaric nitrogen narcosis • lightheadedness, inattention, difficulty concentrating, poor judgment, decreased coordination • Resembles ethanol intoxication • Becomes noticeable at a depth of ~130 fsw (~5 ATA)

  4. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Performance impairment

  5. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future N-Back • Auditory N-back • Acute effects of ethanol • N-back M-Pitch (Qin et al., 2011) • Same / different duration as 1-back • Added pitch as a distracting feature • Pitch variation • Standard pitch: 700 Hz, p = 0.7 • Slightly deviant: 750 Hz, p = 0.1 • Moderately deviant: 900 Hz, p = 0.1 • Widely deviant: 1200 Hz, p = 0.1 • ISI = ~ 1s

  6. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future N-Back M-Pitch

  7. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Method • Participants: • 5 US Navy trained divers • Apparatus: • Hyperbaric chambers to simulate diving • Conditions: • Pre-dive, Dive at 190 fsw, Post-dive • Pre-dive, Dive at 280 fsw, Post-dive

  8. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Method

  9. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Results • Performance decreases with dive depth • The cognitive deficit associated with narcosis is temporary

  10. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Accuracy at 190 fsw

  11. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Accuracy at 280 fsw

  12. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Relative accuracy

  13. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Model assumptions • Main challenge of the task: • Maintaining focal attention in the face of distraction • Distraction caused by low frequency of deviant pitches • Diving reduces ability to deal with interference

  14. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Model description • Correct performance • Perceive current sound, encode sound length • Retrieve previous sound • Compare perceived and retrieved sounds • Respond same / different • Errors • Retrieval of previous sound perturbed by distracting feature of stimulus: partial matching • Performance deterioration at depth • Parameters • Pre- and post-dive: ans=0.1 ; mp = 1.0 • Dive at 190 fsw: ans = 0.2 ; mp = 1.5 • Dive at 280 fsw: ans = 0.25 ; mp = 2.0

  15. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Perceive current sound - Encode sound length Retrieve previous sound Compare sounds based on length Respond Same / Different Correct performance

  16. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Perceive current sound Encode sound length Encode sound pitch Retrieve previous sound Expect matching pitch Allow partial matching Compare sounds based on length Respond Same / Different Errors

  17. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Perceive current sound - Encode sound length Perceive current sound Encode sound length Encode sound pitch Retrieve previous sound Retrieve previous sound Expect matching pitch Allow partial matching Compare sounds based on length Compare sounds based on length Respond Same / Different Respond Same / Different Deterioration at depth • :ans = 0.1; 0.2; 0.25 :mp = 1.0; 1.5; 2.0

  18. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Model fit

  19. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Model predictions

  20. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Discussion • Why 2 parameters and not just one • Only activation noise (ans): • No correlation pitch deviation – accuracy • Only mismatch penalty (mp): • No errors in standard pitch condition • Needs data to check predictions • What does the model tell us? • Need to explain parameter change in mechanistic terms

  21. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Future research • Learning • Affective effects associated with performance decrement • Anxiety, euphoria, overconfidence, etc. • Transfer and generalization • Brain imaging, brain stimulation

  22. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Learning • Learning effects: • Accuracy • Ignore the distracting feature of stimulus • No RT effect • Fast paced • Wait for sounds to finish • Transfer to different tasks

  23. Task | Study | Model | Discussion | Future Acknowledgements • Data collection study funded by ONR • Modeling study funded by NSMRL • Thanks to Dan Bothell for changes to the ACT-R auditory module • Thanks to Dario Salvucci and Frank Ritter for introducing me to Michael Qin

  24. • Thank you for your attention! • Questions?

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