Spars and derricks

1. Spars and derricks Capt. K. De Baere

2. Spars • Rondhouten • Espars

3. Spars - definition • Metal construction (cylindrical or square) to support cargo handling gear, navigation lights, radio antennas, flags and sails etc. • Samson posts (mâtereau) – light construction often used to support radar or radio antennas, deck lightening also used as ventilation shaft • Derrick posts (mât) – Heavier construction used to support the derricks • Derrick (mât de charge)

4. Older ship

5. Fokkemast – mât de misaine Fokkesteng – mât de hune Grote mast – grand mât Grote steng – grand mât de hune Laadpalen – mât ou mâtereau Laadboom – mât de charge Gaffel – corne de vergue Vlaggestok – mât de pavillon Guesstok – mât de pavillon d’étrave Rondhouten - Espars

6. Voorstag – l’étais de misaine Voorstengstag –l’étais de petit mât de hune Fokkewant – les manœuvres dormantes du mât de misaine Voorstengpardoen – galhauban(s) Grootstag – l’étais du grand mât Grootsteng gestag – l’étais du petit mât de hune Grootwant – les manœuvres dormantes du grand mât Grootstengpardoen – galhauban Achterstag – hauban Knikstag Schoorsteenstagen – les étais de la cheminée Staand tuig – Le gréement dormant

7. Terminology ? – I think we are lucky

8. Boomhangers – martinets Antenne – l’antenne Vlaggelijnen - drisses Lopend tuig – le gréement courant

9. Idem dito !

10. Spars on a more modern coaster • Kraanmast – pedestal + slewing bearing + crane house • Radarmast and Christmastree • Vlaggestok - flagstaff • Geusstok – jack staff • Fokkemast – foremast • Kraanarmmik – jib support

11. Masts (mât) and Samson (mâtereau) posts • On modern shipping very little standing rigging (gréement dormant) is used to keep the decks as free as possible • Masts on general cargo ships are a lot heavier than on passenger ships or tankers • Masts are self supporting and are passing through upper- and tweendecks

12. Parts of a modern mast – passing through several decks Mastkloot Pomme de mât Steng Le mât de hune Zadel Cross tree Ondermast Bas-mât

13. Parts of a modern mast • Cross tree also serves as crow’s nest (nid de pie) • Cross tree is used to fix the mast head span blocks (poulie de martinet) • On a certain height above deck derrick supports are provided (to make the derricks sea fast) • Mast, samson posts, derrick supports are often combined with ventilation shafts, deckhouses (des roufs) and entrances to the cargo holds (cales) beneath

14. Square mast – not supported • Samson posts (mâtereau) • Ventilation shaft (conduit de ventilation) also used as derrick support • Heavy lift derrick (boom) (grosse bigue) • Sea position of the derricks

15. Derrick - definition • A derrick is a lifting device composed of one mast or pole which is hinged freely at the bottom. It is controlled by (usually 4) lines powered by some such means as man-hauling or motors, so that the pole can move in all 4 directions. A line runs up it and over its top with a hook on the end, • The device was named after Thomas Derrick, an Englishexecutioner (beul – bourreau) from the Elizabethan era because of its resemblance of the frame from which a hangman's noose (strop – corde) hangs.

16. F • Derrick • Heel fitting + gooseneck trunnion • Derrick head • Mast head span eye fitting • Mast head span block • Span rope • Monkey face • Span chain • Topping lift • Snatch block • (k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing guy • Cargo runner • Load hook

17. Derrick Heel fitting + gooseneck trunnion Derrick head Mast head span eye fitting Mast head span block Topping lift – span rope Monkey face Span chain Topping rope Snatch block (k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing guy Cargo block Heel lead block Cargo runner Load hook Laadboom Lummelpot met lummel Nok van de boom Hangeroog aan de mast Hangerblok Hanger Walmplaat Hangerketting Boomtopper Voetblok (k-l-m-r) boomgeien Cargo blok Rammelblok Laadreep Laadhaak

18. Derrick Heel fitting + gooesneck trunnion Derrick head Mast head span eye fitting Mast head span block Topping lift – span rope Monkey face Span chain Topping rope Snatch block (k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing guy Cargo block Heel lead block Cargo runner Load hook Mât ou corne de charge Ferrement de pivot de pied de corne Tête de corne Support de poulie de retour Poulie de retour ou poulie de martinet Palan de suspente - martinet Trèfle ou pallonier Chaine d’apiquage Cable d’apiquage Poulie de retour (k-l-m-r) pantoires de brassage Poulie de levage Poulie de retour Cartahu – câble de levage Crochet de levage

20. Mât de charge ou corne de charge Crapaudine Poulie de retour Mâterau Poulie de martinet Martinet Maille d’assemblage Chaîne de martinet Queue de martinet Polie de retour Palan de garde Poulie de charge Cartahu Crochet de charge Treuil de charge Légende de la figure

21. Laadboom Lummel Voetblok of rammelblok Mast Hangerblok Hanger Walmplaat Hangerketting Boomtopper Voetblok Boomgeien Laadblok Laadreep Laadhaak Laadlier Legende van de figuur

22. Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes

23. Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes • Portal mast, mât portique • Cross tree (or upper transverse beam), hunc (ou traverse supérieure).  • Mast head cargo lead block bearing bracket, support de marionnette de poulie de retour de levage en tête de mât. • Mast head span bearing bracket, support de marionnette d’apiquage en tête de mât. • Mast head span lead block bearing bracket, support de marionnette de poulie de retour d’apiquage en tête de mât. • King post, mâtereau support de bigue. • Heavy derrick boom, bigue. • Derrick head span fitting, ferrement d’attache des palans d’apiquage en tête dc bigue. • Derrick head cargo fitting, ferrement d’attache du palan de levage en tête de bigue.

24. Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes • Derrick heel fitting, ferrement de pied de bigue. • Gooseneck trunnion, pivot dc pied dc bigue. • Cargo winch, treuil de levage (ou treuil de charge). • Cargo runner (or cargo rope, or hoisting rope, or lifting rope, or cargo fall), câble de levage, (ou câble de hissage, ou cartahu, ou garant de charge). • Mast head cargo lead block, poulie de retour de levage en tête de mât. • Cargo lead block trunnion, marionnette de poulie de retour de levage. • derrick head built in sheave, réa incorporé en tête de bigue • Shackles, manilles • upper cargo (purchase) block (or derrick head cargo (purchase) block), poulie haute de levage (ou moufle supérieure de levage (ou moufle) supérieure de levage) • Lower cargo block (or lower cargo purchase block), poulie basse de levage (ou moufle inférieure de levage).

25. Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes • Becket, ringot. • Ramshorn hook, crochet double. • Cargo tackle, palan de levage. • Span winches (used also for slewing motions), treuils d’apiquage (utilisés également pour les mouvements de brassage). • Span ropes, câbles d’apiquage. • Mast head span lead block, poulie de retour d’apiquage en tête de mât • Span lead block trunnion, marionnette de poulie de retour d’apiquage. • Derrick head span (purchase) block (or lower span (purchase) block), poulie (ou moufle) d’apiquageen tête dc bigue (ou poulie basse d’apiquage, ou muoufle inférieure d’apiquage). • Span triangle plate. trèfle (ou palonnier) d’apiquage. • swivel, émerillon

26. Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes • Span block trunnion, marionnette d’apiquage. • Double connecting fork, chape double de liason • Mast head span (purchase) block (or upper span (purchase) block), poulie (ou moufle) d’apiquage en tête de mât (ou poulie basse d’apiquage ou mofle supérieure d’apiquage ). • Span/slewing tackles, palans d’apiquage/brassage

27. Derricks - details • Derricks are constructed out of Mannesman tubes • Mannesman tubes have a larger diameter in the middle • The bending moment (contrainte de flexion)is the greatest in the middle

28. Derrick Heel Gooseneck FittingFerrement de pivot de pied de corneLummel (crapaudine), lummelpot en bevestiging rammelblok (poulie de retour)

29. Derrick Heel Gooseneck FittingFerrement de pivot de pied de corneLummel, lummelpot en bevestiging rammelblok (poulie de retour)

30. Derrick head • Mast head with provisions for the slewing guys (gardes – palans de brassage) • Mast head support • Span rope (to hold the derrick in a certain position)(câble dormant d’apiquage ou martinet) • Cargo block • Slewing guys (gardes – pantoires – palans de brassage)) • Topping lift (to change the elevation of the derrick)(palan de suspente)

31. Span block fitting • The hanger block (poulie de martinet) must be attached so it can follow the movements of the derrick

32. Running hanger – topping lift • Heavy steel wire • One end is attached at the mast head, the other end goes to the the topping winch • Saw tooth drum edge (bords dentés du tambour) • Blocking device (barre de bloquage avec poignée) • Topping lift (Queue d’apiquage -> cargo winch) • Span rope (martinet)

33. Topping/lowering a derrick • Topping lift is fastened on f.i. on a cargo winch or topping winch • When topping (heaving) the blocking bar rattles the indents on the drum edge • When the correct elevation has been reached the blocking falls behind the indents • When slacking the topping lift the tension is transferred to the the span rope • If you want to lower the derrick the tension is transferred to the cargo winch by means of the topping lift. Hence the blocking bar can be lifted and the topping lift and span rope slacked

34. Cargo Blocks and Heel lead Blocks • Used to guide the cargo runner (cartahu) • SWL of the block = SWL on a single cargo runner • The point of suspension (point de soutien) of the block (poulie) will carry twice this weight

35. Cargo Blocks and Heel lead Blocks

36. Lower cargo blocks (poulie de levage inferieur) and load hooks Safety hooks and variations

37. Cargo hooks (crochet de leave) – 1 sheave (réa)

38. Cargo hook – 2 sheaves (réa)

39. Different Cargo hooks

40. Heavy Duty models

41. Velle Derrick => 1 man operation • Derricks are provided with 2 double topping/slewing guys (gardes – palans de brassage) • Slewing guys: If one is slacked and the other one is heaved at the same time the derrick swings in the direction of the rope being shortened. • Both slewing guys are directed to the same slewing winch but are mounted in opposite directions Topping winch Slewing Winch Treuil d’apiquage Treuil de brassage Same Sense Opposite sense

42. Velle Derrick • Both other ends of the slewing/topping guys are directed to the topping winch but here they are mounted in the same sense. If the winch is operated both are turning in the same direction and the derrick is lowered or heaved up • Spreader = Traversin = dwarsbalk

43. Velle Derrick

44. Velle Derricks MV Advantage • 1 Stulcken derrick 150 MT • 4 Velle derricks 35MT

45. Velle Derrick

46. Velle Derrick

47. Hallen Derrick Similar working principle to the Velle Patent. No Spreader (traversin) – Function has been taken by the very typical construction at the top of the mast

48. Hallen Derrick

49. Hallen Derrick

50. Heavy lift derricks • Fully rigged heavy lift derrick in upright position (la grosse bigue avec gréement complet)