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Vocabulary. Waves Notes. Ch. 10 P. 290 (1-4) P. 296 (1-7) P. 303 (1-5) Ch. 11 P. 327 (1-6) Ch. 12 P. 354 (1-3) P. 360 (1-7 ) Ch. 13 P. 384 (1-5). LINEAR MOTION = motion from one point to another without repeating. Distance Time Speed Acceleration.
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Vocabulary Waves Notes Ch. 10 P. 290 (1-4) P. 296 (1-7) P. 303 (1-5) Ch. 11 P. 327 (1-6) Ch. 12 P. 354 (1-3)P. 360 (1-7) Ch. 13 P. 384 (1-5)
LINEAR MOTION= motion from one point to another without repeating. Distance Time Speed Acceleration HARMONIC MOTION= motion that repeats over and over. Waves Notes
HARMONIC MOTION • Cycle (cyclic motion) = a unit of motion that repeats. • Oscillator (oscillating system) = a system that shows harmonic motion. • clocks • solar system • seasons • music & musical instruments • cell phones • fm radio • Period = time it takes for one cycle to occur.
Frequency = the number of cycles per second. unit = Hertz (Hz) 1 Hertz = 1 cycle/second ex: human heartbeat = ½ to 2 beats per second ex: human voice = 100 to 2000 cycles per second
Amplitude • a measure of how large the cycle is. • This is the energy of a wave. ex: waves = height of the wave sound = volume
WAVESTransfer energy from place to place without transferring matter • a disturbance in a medium. • medium = matter that are able to carry a wave. • ex: air carries sound waves • water carries waves
QUESTION: Can sound travel in space, in other words, could you hear in outer space? ANSWER: NO! Sound requires a medium to carry its energy. Since matter does not exist in space the sound energy would have nothing to travel on.
Transverse Waves • = oscillations that are perpendicular (90º) to the direction the waves is moving. • oscillation^ wave motion > ex: water, light
Compressional Waves • = oscillations that are in the same directions as the motion of the waves. • oscillation> wave motion > • ex: sound, shock waves
Animated Democlick on for linkNOTE CHECK TAKE 2 MINUTES: With a partner, check each other’s notes to be sure both filled in all blanks
WAVE TERMS • Frequency (f) = waves per second (measured in Hertz) • known as Pitch in sound • Amplitude = the height of the waves, the energy of the wave. • Measured from the resting position to the crest. • Wavelength (λ) = the length of one cycle. Distance from a point on a wave to the identical point on the next wave.
5 Name five parts of a wave: 1. __________________________________ 2. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ 5. __________________________________ 3 Compare and contrast the 2 types of waves: 1. Both = _______________________________ Matter = ______________________________ 3. Matter = ______________________________ 1 A wave is = 1. _____________________________________
WAVE SPEED • Speed = the velocity the wave is traveling. • velocity = wavelength x frequency • v = λ x f • units f = Hertz (Hz) λ = meters (m) v = meters/second (m/s) Ex: An ocean wave has a frequency of 2 Hz and a speed of 20 m/sec. What is the wavelength of this wave? λ = v/f λ = 20 m/s ÷ 2 Hz = 10 m
Examples of the Speed of Waves • Speed of Light 300,000,000 m/s 300,000 km/s 186,000 miles/s
NOTE CHECK TAKE 2 MINUTES: With a partner, check each other’s notes to be sure both filled in all blanks
Speed of Sound Approx 340 m/s Approx 770 miles/hr This will vary a great deal due to temperature and atmospheric pressure Calculate the Speed of Sound Examples of the Speed of Waves
WAVES INTERACTIONSwhat results from waves hitting objects • Reflection = The wave can bounce off and go in a new direction. • Angle of Incidence = inbound angle • Angle of Reflection = outbound angle • measured from the perpendicular and both angles are EQUAL
Which is the angle of incidence?Which is the angle of reflection?
Refraction = The wave can pass straight into and through the obstacle and are bent due to the change in density of the medium.
Diffraction = The wave can bend around or through holes in the obstacle.
NOTE CHECK TAKE 2 MINUTES: With a partner, check each other’s notes to be sure both filled in all blanks
WAVE INTERFERENCE • when 2 or more waves meet. • Constructive Interference = When waves meet “in phase” trough to trough or crest to crest. The resulting waves become larger. • ex: Sound = resonance Resonating Chambers =sinuses, guitar, musical instruments Wind Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapsein the 1940s
WAVE INTERFERENCE • Destructive Interference = When waves meet “out of phase” crest to trough. The resulting waves become smaller or even cancel each other. • ex: Dissonance = sound waves meet out of phase and noise results.
THE DOPPLER EFFECT • radar speed detectors • metrology to detect wind speeds & on coming weather fronts • very noticeable in auto racing • Approaching Object = sound wave are compressed due to the speed of the approaching object thus increasing the frequency or pitch of the sound of the object. • Departing Object = sound waves are stretched because the object is moving away from the listener thus decreasing the frequency or pitch of the sound of the object.
NOTE CHECK TAKE 2 MINUTES: With a partner, check each other’s notes to be sure both filled in all blanks
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM • Electrons = the negatively charged particle in the atom is involved in light. • Electrons can absorb energy by various ways causing them to jump to a higher energy level(s). • Then they give off energy in the form of light when they move from the higher to lower energy level(s).
Parts of the electromagnetic spectrum • Radio waves Longest Wavelength Lowest Frequency • Microwaves • Infrared • Visible Light • ROY G BIV • Ultraviolet • X-rays • Gamma rays Short Wavelength Highest Frequency
Radio waves(1 km to 30 cm) ex: AM & FM radio, TV signals Microwaves (30 cm to 1 mm) ex: microwave ovens, cellular communication Infrared(1 mm to 70 nm) ex: heat, sensors, guidance systems Visible Light (70 nm - 400 nm) ex: ROY G BIV Ultraviolet ex: sunburns, harmful to eyes, disinfect by killing bacteria X-Rays ex: medical & dental uses, inspect metal welding Gamma Rays ex: originate from the sun, atomic radiation THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
ROY G BIV • Red Longest wavelength Lowest frequency • Orange • Yellow • Green • Blue • Indigo • Violet Shortest wavelength Highest frequency
Visible Light • Optics = the study of light • Lasers = a single frequency of light
Primary Colors of Light the color of transmitted light you see. The light source Red Green Blue Red + Green + Blue = White COLOR
Primary Colors of Pigment A pigment is a colored material that is used to change the color of other substances. Reflected light color Magenta Yellow Cyan Magenta + Yellow + Cyan = Black COLOR
Computer Settings • pixel= dot = 3 numbers to assign the color (0-256) • Red, Green, Blue = RGB • ex: (0, 0, 0) = black • 256 x 256 x 256 = 16,777,216 *possible different colors
The Eye • Lens = Tiny muscles around the eye change the shape of the eye to focus the image when light passes through. • Iris = The colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light entering the eye. • Retina = A membrane lining the inside of the back of the eye composed of light sensitive receptors that are stimulated by the different wavelengths of light that makeup the image.
The Retina • Rods = Rod-shaped receptors involved in night vision, peripheral vision (corners of the eyes) and making out the outline of objects. • Cones = Cone-shaped receptors that contain color-sensitive pigments to detect red, blue, green and all their combinations.
Optical Illusion • seen images that “trick” the brain into observing something that is not real. Mirage • A false image in the distance produced by the refraction of light through air layers of different densities. • Ex. The appearance of water in the distance
SOUND • a pattern of air oscillations consisting of areas of high pressure to low pressure. Sound consists of longitudinal (compression) wave thus it is impossible for sound to travel in space. • Acoustics = the science or study of sound • Amplitude = Loudness or Volume measured in Decibels (dB)
Decibels (dB) • 10 – 15 dB whisper (3 ft away) • 65 dBnormal conversation(3 ft away) • 70 dB city traffic • 90 dB jackhammer (10 ft away) • 120 dB threshold of physical pain • 90 dB is 2x louder than 70 dB