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CH 19, sect. 1: Child Labor and Working Conditions during the Industrial Revolution.

CH 19, sect. 1: Child Labor and Working Conditions during the Industrial Revolution. Children were exploited during the IR – at first there were no rules or laws about using child labor. In 1821, about half of all workers were under 20 yrs of age, they were paid about 1/3 of an adult.

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CH 19, sect. 1: Child Labor and Working Conditions during the Industrial Revolution.

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  1. CH 19, sect. 1: Child Labor and Working Conditions during the Industrial Revolution. • Children were exploited during the IR – at first there were no rules or laws about using child labor. • In 1821, about half of all workers were under 20 yrs of age, they were paid about 1/3 of an adult.

  2. Why Children? • They can be paid less than adults. • Small size allowed them to crawl into machines and fix them, also mines. • Were easier to train and control than adults. • Hours were 12-15 hrs a day, six days a week.

  3. 2014 World Population = 7+ billion people. I.R. starts: World Population = 1 billion people.

  4. Early factory and mine conditions: • Very dangerous –if you got hurt, you got fired. • Air quality terrible from dust and lint. • Noise – machines very loud, damaged hearing. • Long hours = 12+ hours a day, few breaks.

  5. Early laws: • Factory Act of 1833: No child workers under the age of 9, children could not work at night, 2 hours of school a day for children. • The Factory Act of 1844: reduced the hours of work for children between 8 and 13 to 6.5 hours a day. • The Factory Act of 1891: raised the minimum age at which a child can be set to work from 10 to 11.

  6. Report from the British Gov’t on child labor: “Many child scavengers lost limbs or hands, crushed in the machinery; some were even decapitated. Those who were maimed lost their jobs. In one mill near Cork there were six deaths and 60 mutilations in four years. Blincoe was lucky: he only lost half a finger. ”

  7. “Supervisors used terror and punishment to drive the children to greater productivity. A boy in a nail-making factory was punished for producing inferior nails by having his head down on an iron counter while someone 'hammered a nail through his ear, and the boy has made good nails ever since'.”

  8. "I was a healthy and strong boy, when I first went to the mill. When I was about eight years old, I could walk from Leeds to Bradford (ten miles) without any pain or difficulty, and with a little fatigue; now I cannot stand without crutches! I cannot walk at all! Perhaps I might creep up stairs. I go up stairs backwards every night! I found my limbs begin to fail, after I had been working about a year. It came on with great pain in my legs and knees. I am very much fatigued towards the end of the day. I cannot work in the mill now."

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