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The Early Stuarts

The Early Stuarts. Friday September 13, 2013. Who were the “Stuarts”?. Absolute monarchs: a king with unlimited power (could do whatever he wanted!). James I. Came from a long line of Stuarts (Royalty) King of Scotland for 20 years, then became King of England Roman Catholic

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The Early Stuarts

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  1. The Early Stuarts Friday September 13, 2013

  2. Who were the “Stuarts”? • Absolute monarchs: a king with unlimited power (could do whatever he wanted!)

  3. James I • Came from a long line of Stuarts (Royalty) • King of Scotland for 20 years, then became King of England • Roman Catholic • Liked to spend a lot of money, and negotiated with Parliament for money • Introduced the Divine Right of Kings, but this was very unpopular!

  4. The Divine Right of Kings • Stated that the powers of the King came directly from God • That the King was God’s representative on earth • Therefore the decisions of the King could not be questioned by ordinary people

  5. The Magna Carta • AKA “The Great Charter” • A document signed in 1215 AD that to set detailed limits on royal authority and forced the King to grant concessions to parliament (This meant that the King could NOT be above the law! The King had to obey the law too.) • So…..? • England had already had a parliament where the King had to obey the law, so King James I was trying to change things

  6. After James dies • James died in 1625 (early 17th century) • Left behind a divided nation, dissatisfied people • His son (Charles I) became king and had all of the same problems as his father • Spending money (and lots of it!) • Divine Right of Kings

  7. Task: Read pages 30 (starting at “Charles I”) to the end of page 33. • Question: Make a list of all the measures that Charles I used to avoid calling parliament. Beside each entry, explain which classes of society would be the angriest about these measures and why.

  8. Task 2: Review what you have learned so far about England in the 17th century (political, social, economic) • What do you think is going to happen next? Think back to the “types of revolutions” that we learned about – what type of revolution do you think will happen? Who do you think will be involved, what will they do, and what do you think will be the result?

  9. Homework • See your handout, and on class website!

  10. Even more tyrannical and foolish than James 1 (his father)! Charles 1 • Believed in the : • “Divine Right of Kings” • ”Absolute Monarchy” • Most common people did not like him • Tried to rule without Parliament

  11. Charles 1 • In order to rule without a government and still have money, Charles instated : • Ship Money – taxes for navy • Tunnage & Poundage – custom fees and forced loans to king • Sold Titles –could become a duke if you have enough money • Billeted Soldiers –to save money, citizens had to house and feed them • Court of Star Chamber – court to illegally trial his political enemies

  12. Fight with Parliament • Charles has to call parliament, the Scots are invading England- they tell him they will give him money if he signs over this rights: • He enters parliament with soldiers to arrest them • OPEN CIVIL WAR erupts! • England, split into two sides: • Parliamentarians (supporters of parliament) • Royalists (Supporters of Charles 1)

  13. The English Civil War 2 sides, 1 country

  14. What is a civil war? • A terrible war • -People within a country fight each other • -England was split into 2 sides

  15. Royalists/Cavaliers : • People who fought for the king • Usually from noble families • Leader was King Charles I • Catholics Roundhead/New Model Army : • Usually militia and soldiers from Scotland • More modern army • Better armour • Leader was Oliver Cromwell The Civil War • The New Model Army was victorious Charles fled to Scotland. • The Scots arrested him and turned him over to English hands

  16. Charged with treason Treason  overthrowing the king Found guilty and sentenced to lose his head Morning of beheading, Charles dressed well and ate a full breakfast 10, 000 viewers Execution of Charles I

  17. Rump Parliament • What is a “Rump Parliament?”

  18. Rump Parliament • The Rump Parliament: • Sixty members- could hardly claim to represent the people of England • Supported by victorious Roundhead army • Dispatched an army under Oliver Cromwell to end the Royalist threat in Ireland & Scotland • Commonwealth established when the Rump Parliament voted to abolish the monarchy and the House of Lords

  19. Who was Oliver Cromwell? • Homework: • Research on the internet and in the textbook to discover who Oliver Cromwell was • Why is he important? • What was his role in the English Revolution? • Look up the word “Dictator” – do you think Cromwell was a dictator? Why or why not?

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