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Enhancing Human Development: Challenges and Solutions in Health and Education

Explore the intersection of economic factors, education, and health indicators, such as GNP per capita, life expectancy, literacy rates, and unemployment issues, impacting Human Development Index (HDI) values in developing countries. Discover the role of NGOs, sanitation, water availability, and education in improving overall well-being. Address health issues like malaria and the future prospects for sustainable development.

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Enhancing Human Development: Challenges and Solutions in Health and Education

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  1. Development and health

  2. Economic GNP per capita GDP per capita % in primary, secondary and tertiary industry Dependency ratio Social Life expectancy % Literacy / illiteracy No. of years in school Unemployment rates Indicators

  3. Human Development IndexHDI • Is a composite index consisting of … • Life expectancy at birth • Educational attainment • Adjusted income per capita

  4. HDI Values

  5. Health Care in ELDC’s

  6. Sanitation • Education - not doing the toilet just anywhere. • Pit latrines • Washing hands - where possible • “Concrete” toilets - use of night soil • Role of NGO’s

  7. Water • Availability - distance to nearest water supply • Wells - problems of changing water table • Tube wells • Link between water availability and levels of disease • Role of NGO’s • Self help / Appropriate Technology

  8. Education • Availability of education • Cost • Boys v Girls - who should be educated ? • Morning / afternoon schools • Resources / class size • Role of NGO’s

  9. Non Governmental organisations • Charities • Pressure groups • Health care workers • Local people / networks • Volunteers

  10. Health Issues • Infant mortality / life expectancy • Numbers of children / family • Fertility rates / virility of men • Role of women in health education • Contraception • Nutrition • Transmission of diseases

  11. Malaria Factors influencing it. • Female anopheles mosquito • Temperature over 16°C • Stagnant water • Blood bank i.e. humans

  12. Malaria Solutions • Mosquito nets • Insecticide • Draining stagnant water • Keeping ankles covered up

  13. What does the future hold ?

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