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Band notes

Band notes. 2013-14. Musical Eras. Ancient – BC-500AD Medieval – 500-1400 Renaissance – 1400-1600 Baroque – 1600-1750 Classical – 1750-1820 Romantic – 1820-1900 Modern – 1900-present. Musical Eras. Ancient BC – 500AD Highly developed Greeks, Romans

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Band notes

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  1. Band notes 2013-14

  2. Musical Eras • Ancient – BC-500AD • Medieval – 500-1400 • Renaissance – 1400-1600 • Baroque – 1600-1750 • Classical – 1750-1820 • Romantic – 1820-1900 • Modern – 1900-present

  3. Musical Eras • Ancient BC – 500AD • Highly developed • Greeks, Romans • Far East, Africa, Americas, Native Australia • Modes came from ancient music • No official written record so little is proven about characteristics but we know it existed • Composers unknown

  4. Musical Eras • Medieval 500-1400 • Most music occurred in churches, monasteries – Sacred music • First written records of music and notation • Gregorian chant • Almost all vocal, few instruments • Single lines, monophony • Gneumes • Texts were mostly Latin • Composers – Hildegard von Bingen, Leonin, Perotin

  5. Musical Eras • Renaissance 1400-1600 • Repetition • Court music • Sacred and Secular music • Instruments in small groups • Polyphony • Melody and accompaniment • Composers – Palestrina, Josquin, William Byrd, Thomas Tallis

  6. Musical Eras • Baroque 1600-1750 • Highly ornamented • Repetition • Larger groups of instruments (still small) • Oratorios • Cantatas • Fugues • Figured Bass and improvisation • Concertos for solo instruments with accompaniment • Composers – J.S. Bach, Antonio Vivaldi

  7. Musical Eras • Classical 1750-1820 • More complicated harmonies • More complicated forms • First symphony – Haydn • The beginning of orchestras as we know them today • Opera • Composers – Mozart, Haydn

  8. Musical Eras • Romantic 1820-1900 • Large ensembles and orchestras • Symphony form perfected and elongated • Dramatic music in terms of volume and style • Music that tells a story • Complicated harmonies, forms, use of chromaticism and dissonance • Beethoven – 9 symphonies • Tchaikovsky • Wagner • Brahms

  9. Musical Eras • Modern 1900- present • Complicated rhythms • Atonal harmonies • Mixed meters • Folk music • Nationalism • Composers – Bernstein, Copland, Stravinsky, Holst, Gershwin, Debussy

  10. Enharmonics • Notes that sound the same but are spelled differently • Example – C# = Db • Write down all the other enharmonics • Half steps between white keys on the keyboard • Between E and F • Between B and C

  11. Instrument Keys • Concert Pitch or C – flute, oboe, bassoon, trombone, euphonium, tuba, percussion, piano • Bb – Clarinet, Bass Clarinet, Tenor Sax, Trumpet • Eb – Alto Sax, Bari Sax • F – English Horn, French Horn

  12. Order of sharps • F, C, G, D, A, E B

  13. Order of flats • Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb, Fb

  14. Key Signatures • Sharps – look at the last sharp (the one furthest to the right) and go up one • Example - 2 sharps F and C = key of D • Flats – look at the flat before the last flat • Example – 3 flats Bb, Eb, and Ab = key of Eb

  15. Triads • CEG • GBD • DFA • ACE • EGB • BDF • FAC

  16. Triads/Chords • Major Triad – 1, 3, 5 • Augmented – 1, 3, raised 5 • Minor Triad - 1, lowered 3, 5 • Diminished Triad – 1 , lowered 3, lowered 5

  17. Melodies • Conjunct – smooth, movement by step • Disjunct – skips and leaps, not smooth • Major • Minor

  18. Minor Scales • Two types • Relative – share key signature • Parallel – share starting and ending notes • Three forms • Natural – same as key signature • Harmonic – raise the 7th note • Melodic – raise the 6th and 7th ascending and lower the 6th and 7th descending (natural form descending)

  19. Musical Expression • Ascending notes crescendo • Descending notes decrescendo • Short to long • Weak to strong • Long notes must have shape • Melody must always be heard • Background parts must have shape

  20. Syncopation • Rhythmic emphasis on the upbeat as opposed to the downbeat

  21. Recapitulation • Re-statement of the main theme usually following a development section

  22. Form • How music is organized • Overture • ABA – ternary • AB – binary • Sonata • AABA

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