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Pennsylvania Trane Johnstown Commercial Sales Office

Pennsylvania Trane Johnstown Commercial Sales Office. Tim Sample Cory Eberhart Ross Kladakis Doug Jamison. Agenda. Controls Strategies For Green Building Design. Static Pressure Optimization VAV system fundamentals Static pressure optimization fundamentals

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Pennsylvania Trane Johnstown Commercial Sales Office

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  1. Pennsylvania TraneJohnstown Commercial Sales Office Tim Sample Cory Eberhart Ross Kladakis Doug Jamison

  2. Agenda Controls Strategies For Green Building Design • Static Pressure Optimization • VAV system fundamentals • Static pressure optimization fundamentals • Static pressure optimization control logic • Ventilation Optimization • Demand controlled ventilation • Ventilation Reset • Chiller / Tower Optimization • Chiller & cooling tower performance parameters • What is the optimal design? • Auto-Commissioning • VAV Box Auto-commissioning Advances in fan technology: direct drive plenum fans Resources on HF Lenz Network: Trane Sales Tools

  3. Duct Static Pressure Sensor Fan with Variable Frequency Drive Temperature Sensors T T T Static Pressure Optimization VAV System Fundamentals VAV Boxes

  4. Static Pressure Optimization • VAV System Fundamentals • Static pressure sensor located 2/3 down the duct • Static pressure set point is fixed Low Load Condition • Operation • VAV boxes begin to close off • VFD reduces fan speed and airflow, but maintains high static pressure set point • Results • Energy savings from reduced fan speed • Excessive noise in duct • Fan still maintaining high, fixed static pressure set point High Load Condition • Operation • VAV boxes wide open • Fan maintains static pressure set point • Results • Changes in space conditions tend to leave some spaces starved for air

  5. Static Pressure Optimization Static Pressure Optimization • Operation • Continuously monitors the system and adjusts the static pressure set point such that the “Critical Zone” VAV box is 85 to 95% open • Result • Ensures no spaces are starved for air in high load conditions • Space temperature control is maintained • Dynamically adjusts static pressure set point in low load conditions • Energy savings realized • Reduction in duct noise

  6. Static Pressure Optimization • Critical Zone • Always the box most open in the system • Which box is “critical” varies as the space loads change Static Pressure Optimization Control Logic Increase Duct Static Pressure 95% Critical VAV Terminal Damper Position (% Open) No Action 85% Reduce Duct Static Pressure

  7. Static Pressure Optimization • Static Pressure Optimization Fundamentals • Static pressure sensor located at the discharge of the fan • Static pressure set point continuously adjusts to system demand Low Load Condition • Operation • VAV boxes begin to close off • VFD modulates fan to reduce static pressure set point until critical zone VAV box is 85-95% open • Results • Energy savings from reduced fan speed • Duct noise a non-issue High Load Condition • Operation • VAV boxes open • VFD modulates fan to increase static pressure set point until critical zone VAV box is 85-95% open • Results • The VAV box with the greatest need is provided for, and we’re not providing (and paying for) any more than that

  8. Static Pressure Optimization Duct Static Vs. Max. Air Valve Position 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 .8 .6 .4 .2 0 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Damper Percent Open Duct Static Pressure (in. wc) 6AM 8AM 10AM 12PM 2PM 4PM 6PM

  9. Ventilation Optimization ASHRAE 62-2004 • Allows for the reset of OA intake flow (or zone OA flow) in response to the following: • Variations in zone population (Demand Controlled Ventilation) • Variations in ventilation efficiency due to changes in airflow (Ventilation Reset)

  10. AHU OCC OCC TOD CO2 CO2 TOD Ventilation Optimization Zone Level Control: Demand-Controlled Ventilation (DCV) BAS lounge restroom mechroom storage office vestibule corridor elevators reception area office conference rm computer room

  11. rooftop unitwith controls • Reset outdoor airflow (Traq™ damper) OCC TOD CO2 TOD communicating BAS DDC/VAV terminals • New OA setpoint…per ASHRAE 62 • Required ventilation (TOD, OCC, CO2) • Actual primary airflow (flow sensor) Ventilation Optimization System Level Control: Ventilation Reset OA SA RA CO2 OCC

  12. Ventilation Optimization Zone Level DCV and System Level Ventilation Reset • Assures each zone is properly ventilated … without requiring a CO2 sensor in every zone • System-level ventilation reset equations are defined by ASHRAE 62

  13. Chiller-Tower Optimization Simple System Design: Constant Condenser Water Flow Chiller Cooling Tower • Performance Parameters: • Wet Bulb • Load • CW Temp • Tower Design • Performance Parameters: • Load • CW Temp • Chiller Design

  14. Chiller-Tower Optimization • The link in chiller plant energy consumption is condenser water temperature Condenser Water Temp Chiller kW Tower kW Total kW ? ?

  15. Chiller-Tower Optimization • System Snapshot: Fixed chiller load and fixed wet bulb temperature kW Condenser Water Temperature

  16. Chiller-Tower Optimization So what is the optimal condenser water temperature? • Hot? (85°F [30°C]) • Cold? (55°F [13°C]) • Wet Bulb + 5°F [3°C]? • Optimized?

  17. 400-ton [1400 kW] chiller 0.58 kW/ton [6.06 COP] 85°-95°F [29.4°-35°C] condenser water temperature differential 78°F [25.6°C] designwet-bulb temperature Chiller-Tower Optimization Let’s look at an example: • “ARI unloading” … • Full load 17% of the time • 75% load 39% of the time • 50% load 33% of the time • 25% load 11% of the time • Economics … • $0.08 per kWh • $12.00 per kW • 1,300 equivalent full-load hours

  18. $51,000.00 $50,500.00 $50,000.00 $49,500.00 $49,000.00 $48,500.00 $48,000.00 $47,500.00 Minimum Minimum Design CW Design CW WB + 5 WB + 5 Optimized Optimized temperature temperature degrees degrees Chiller-Tower Optimization Chiller+Tower Yearly Estimated Operating Cost

  19. Chiller-Tower Optimization Takeaway Points: • Colder is NOT better • Optimal control is the right thing to do …AND it saves money • Savings are real and can be quantified • The control strategy is available NOW!

  20. Auto-Commissioning • Sustainability • Documents on-going building performance • Pinpoints areas of higher energy consumption • Retro-Commissioning… • Maintains IAQ and system operational excellence • Why Not Automatically? • Ease of use and reporting

  21. VAV Box Auto-commissioning Auto-Commissioning Sequence Results: VAV Box Commissioning Report

  22. Questions?

  23. Direct-Drive Plenum (DDP) Fans

  24. What is it?

  25. Trane DDP Fans • New fan option for M-Series, T-Series and Custom Climate Changer™ air handlers • Expands the fan performance - price optimization options

  26. Direct-Drive Plenum Features – What They Mean • Plenum fan pressurizes the surrounding air plenum • Flexible discharge arrangements. • There are no fan belts, sheaves, or fan bearings • Quiet and reliable • Whole fan assembly is internally isolated • Quiet operation • VFD replaces the starter • Soft starts • Easily adjustable • Faster commissioning

  27. Direct-Drive Plenum Fan Wheel • AF fan wheel is mounted directly on motor shaft • AMCA Fan Arrangement 4 • 12-bladed airfoil wheel design • High efficiency • Non-overloading • Standard aluminum wheel with extruded aluminum blades • Precision balancing • Improved reliability • Heavy-gauge spun steel inlet cones are closely matched to the wheel intake rim • Ensures efficient and quiet operation.

  28. Benefits of 12-Bladed Fans • 12-bladed DDP fans are better than 8- or 9-bladed fans for 5- to 8-inch applications • Higher peak pressure • Added stability • More resistant to flow disturbances • 12-bladed DDP airfoil wheel design flattens sound spectrum • Reduces the dominance of pure tones • Blade tone is in the 4th octave band above 1850 rpm

  29. Old Fan Selections • With given AHU size there were typically 4 options • Forward curved housed fan • Airfoil housed fan • Vain axial Q-Fan • Belt driven plenum fan • With these four options there were only two variables • Diameter (in some AHU sizes) • Speed

  30. Direct Drive Plenum Fan Selections • Three variables

  31. DDP Fan Synchronous Speed Selection • Holds the speed constant • Varies the wheel diameter and width • Select fan with the best hp, sound and cost • 10% safety factor recommended • Used in the fan and inverter motor hp and fan wheel max rpm. • Covers uncertainties associated with the system and air balancer’s measurements.

  32. DDP Fan Flexible Speed Selection • Holds the width constant • Varies the diameter and wheel speed • Today, Trane standard inverters and motors can operate at 90 HZ and 2700 rpm • With recommended 10% safety factor, a good flexible speed 1800 rpm fan selection is 2700*.9 or about 2400-2500 rpm. • Typically more cost effective and quieter than synch selections.

  33. Fan Performance Comparison 10,000 CFM at 4” TSP – ARI Fan in Unit Performance

  34. Sound Power Levels

  35. Measures fan CFM No pressure drop No noise Need even airflow entering the inlet cone (no pre-swirl) Very accurate Airflow Measuring System with Piezometer Ring

  36. M-Series Air Handler DDP Fan Close Up

  37. Thanks for Your Interest in Trane Direct Drive Plenum Fans • Questions?

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