Being Relevant in Tough Times TRIUMF’s Five-Year Plan

1. CANADA’S NATIONAL LABORATORY FOR PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS Owned and operated as a joint venture by a consortium of Canadian universities via a contribution through the National Research Council Canada Being Relevant in Tough TimesTRIUMF’s Five-Year Plan • Introducing Canada • Overview of TRIUMF • TRIUMF’s Five-Year Plan • Staying Relevant T.I. Meyer, Head, Strategic Planning & Communications LABORATOIRE NATIONAL CANADIEN POUR LA RECHERCHE EN PHYSIQUE NUCLÉAIRE ET EN PHYSIQUE DES PARTICULES Propriété d’un consortium d’universités canadiennes, géré en co-entreprise à partir d’une contribution administrée par le Conseil national de recherches Canada

2. CANADA TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

3. Where is Canada? • “Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area…” • More than a fair share of “famous people” are Canadian • Shania Twain, Pamela Anderson, Jim Carrey, Dan Akroyd, Sarah McLachlan, Keanu Reeves, Alanis Morisette, Bryan Adams, Leonard Cohen, Neil Young, Peter Jennings, Jack Kerouac, William Shatner, … • Invented AM radio, IMAX, the zipper, game of basketball, Trivial Pursuit, … • Which is further north: Sudbury or Soudan? • Is Nigel Lockyer Canadian? • Am I Canadian? • Who chairs FALC? TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

4. What is Canada? • 10% of the U.S. in many regards • U.S. has 9 times the people and 11 times the GDP • A parliamentary democracy AND a constitutional monarchy • Polite bureaucracy • Canada has 7 times more “representation” per capita • (DOE+OMB+Congress(Auth+Approps)) x 2 • Key differences • U.S. has 3 times as many Nobels per capita • Canada spends 1/3 of the U.S. on military per capita TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

5. Overview of TRIUMF

6. Origins of TRIUMF • In 1960s & ’70s, research topics in “low-energy nuclear physics” required large-scale infrastructure that no single university could design, construct, and maintain on its own • Not just accelerators, but also the human capital • TRIUMF was formed by 3 Canadian universities in order to pool resources and share talent to address these compelling scientific questions • Unique example in the world • Challenge is to remain relevant & competitive TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

7. Members Carleton University Simon Fraser University University of Alberta University of BC University of Manitoba Université de Montréal University of Toronto University of Victoria Associate Members McMaster University Queen’s University* Saint Mary’s University University of Guelph* University of Regina York University* 99 year land lease from UBC Owned and Operated by a Consortium of 14 Universities Founded by UBC, SFU, and UVic in 1969 TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

8. Mission Statement TRIUMF is Canada's national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics. It is owned and operated as a joint venture by a consortium of Canadian universities via a contribution through the National Research Council Canada with building capital funds provided by the government of British Columbia. Its mission is: • To make discoveries that address the most compelling questions in particle physics, nuclear physics, nuclear medicine, and materials science; • To act as Canada's steward for the advancement of particle accelerators and detection technologies; and • To transfer knowledge, train highly skilled personnel, and commercialize research for the economic, social, environmental, and health benefit of all Canadians. TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

9. TRIUMF Statistics ~500 scientists and staff on campus ~90 (50+40) staff MDS Nordion 50+ international agreements/partnerships ~800 peer reviewed journal articles (last 5 years) 74% (86% exp) of “NSERC GSC-19” funded proposals involve TRIUMF BC Business Council cites TRIUMF as one of the region’s top ten high-tech employers National universities provide 50% salary support for a dozen+ TRIUMF scientists Also provide research space and complete local support 2009 Mar 18 TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer 9

10. TRIUMF Attracts Top Talent to Canada Lia Merminga, Head of Accelerator Division (USA) Elected Chair ‘10 American Physical Society Beams Division Vaishali Naik, VECC visiting accelerator scientist (India, Kolkata) Siddhartha Dechoudhury (India, Kolkata) Cornelia Hoehr, nuclear medicine (Germany) Oliver Stelzer-Chilton, particle physics LHC (Germany) Anadi Canepa, particle physics LHC (Italy) ATLAS Canada graduate students Currently 65 students, plan for ~100 1/3 on NSERC Fellowships 1/3 international 40% of students at TRIUMF are international Retired chairman and chief executive of IBM Louis Gerstner remarked that, “In a knowledge-based global economy, skills are what matter” in the long run. TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer 10

11. Canada’s Accelerator Laboratory • Entire TRIUMF science program employs accelerators • Only place in Canada with accelerator design, build, & maintain capability • Established international reputation in accelerators • Accelerators are used to address all five of the key scientific thrusts TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

12. Evolution of Accelerators 9 km/13 cm = 69,231 14 TeV/ 80keV = 175,000,000 Technology of accelerators has made huge gains TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

13. World’s Largest Cyclotron H- cyclotron, 22m across 500 MeV 400 mA or 1x1015 particles/sec 0.75c 2009 Mar 18 TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer 13

14. Exploring the Science Questions

15. Where to Focus? • Compelling questions define the scientific thrusts • But Canada cannot by involved in all the key scientific questions pursued today • So, through national planning groups and consultations, Canada has identified which questions to pursue • Council of Canadian Academies • Science, Technology, Innovation Council (federal) • Subatomic Physics “Long Range Plan” • Challenge is to balance risk and reward TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

16. What new physics lies beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics? Does the elusive neutrino have a role in evolution of the universe? What is dark matter and dark energy? How and where are the heavy chemical elements produced? How do simple underlying interactions lead to complex phenomena? What are the underlying biochemical and biological mechanisms that contribute to onset of neurological disease and cancer? CERN Canada, Japan, France, China US, Canada, EU Canada, Germany, Japan, US Light Sources: US, Japan, Germany (4th generation) Canada, US, EU, Asia (3rd Generation) EU, US, Canada, Asia Questions Define TRIUMF’s ScienceFramed in a Global Context TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

17. Beams and Isotopes PLAY TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

18. Excellence in Nuclear Science A New Era in Mass Measurements CERN TRIUMF CERN 2008 11Li • Highest power Rare-Isotope Beam (RIB) facility in world • Most intense beams of certain species in world • A dozen world-class experiments on floor • Supported by NSERC through peer-review process TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer 18 18

19. Leading Rare Isotope Facilities Global investment in RIBs over next decade ~$4B (OECD) 2009 Jan 16 2008 Dec 8 TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer 19

20. Evolution of the Universe TRIUMF: Particle physics – LHC studies universe 1 picosecond after the Big Bang TRIUMF: Nuclear astrophysics – 400 million years after the Big Bang and still going on today TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer 20

21. ATLAS is 4% Canadian TRIUMF design built at Alstom Tracy Quebec Hadronic Endcap & Forward Calorimeter Total investment by Canada ~$100M Delivered on time, on budget, working well TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer 21 21

22. McGill Uni x physicsgroup UofT Netherlands Taiwan Lab a UK Italy France Tier3 physics department UofA Tier-1 Tier2 Nordic CERN Tier 0 Spain physicsgroup Germany Desktop Canada USA a Lab b SFU regional group b Uni y UVic g LHC/ATLAS Tier-1 Centre les.robertson@cern.ch TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

23. A Taste of TRIUMF’sFive-Year Plan 2010-2015MotivationNuclear MedicineSuperconducting RF

24. Why a Five-Year Plan? • TRIUMF’s operating & equipment budget is awarded in five-year cycles through a rigo(u)rous process of planning, proposals, review, & politics • The present Five-Year Plan completes in March 2010 • The TRIUMF Five-Year Plan is more than a report • It is a process that generates a shared vision among key stakeholders that is realistic and relevant for Canada • It is a written document that presents and argues for that vision TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

25. Guiding Principles • A credible plan needs to derive from a credible process • Engage all stakeholders • Be as open and transparent as possible; provide multiple opportunities for review and comment • Play to TRIUMF’s strengths • In accordance with its role: “everything up to the detector” • Work in concert with NSERC long-range plans • Subatomic physics community developed plan in 2005 • Lead with the science • Objective of the Plan: Transform the laboratory TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

26. Process Spectrum of Possible Activities 2006- 2007 Users’ Group Mtgs 2008 PPAC Mar 15 Kitchen Cabinet Mar 20 SEEC, Halo Workshop Mar 28 TUEC/TUG Apr 1 AAC, LSPEC Apr 5 Board Apr 11 5YP Steering Cttee Apr 23 Public Comment May 5 ACOT May 9 (writing & consultation) May-Jul Int’l Peer Review Sep 24-26 Understanding of Required Resources TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

27. The Product • After 6 months of work and more than 50 authors, the final plan was produced as a stand-alone publication • Multiple formats for distinct audiences • French, English • 853 pgs, 180 pgs, 10 pgs, DVD • International peer review Sep 2008 • Heuer, Halliday, Dorfan, Mason, etc. • The technical skills of the editorial team are being recognized by the Editors Association of Canada • Report has been shortlisted for top prize in the country! TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

28. 5-Year PlanBuilding on Opportunities TRIUMF is poised for a transformation Opportunities, skills, and past investments are coming together Future plan seizes 3 new strategic opportunities Platform technology: nuclear medicine Lead emerging revolution Platform technology: superconducting RF (SRF) Accelerators, medical-isotope production, flue-gas scrubbing Playing a major role in world’s largest scientific project: LHC Canadian Physics Analysis Centre & Tier-1 Data Centre Requested investments $328M for 2010-2015 operations $60M for capital infrastructure (buildings) TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer 28 28

29. Nuclear Medicine • TRIUMF specializes in production & study of exotic nuclei • Physicists call them “rare isotopes” • Clinicians call them “medical isotopes” • Genomics and molecular imaging are driving a revolution in medicine (e.g., personalized medicine) • Predicting, monitoring, and controlling the specific chemistry & biology within your body • Medical isotopes (unstable nuclei) connected to molecules that target processes in the body will allow doctors to image • Disease metabolism – watch tumor construction • Tag amino acid transporters or DNA or…. • Track where the drug is going in your body • Evaluate whether therapy is working, be it chemo or radiation TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

30. Medical Isotopes A medical isotope is a short-lived radioactive ingredient used in radiopharmaceuticals which are administered to patients Through radioactive decay, energy is emitted and captured with a special camera to reveal images of metabolic function in the body Also used to deliver targeted radiation therapy to tumours Treating thyroid cancer Iodine-131 Diagnosing brain disorders Molybdenum-99** Exposing the spread of cancer Molybdenum-99 Accurately diagnosing heart attacks and diseaseMolybdenum-99 Scanning bones for infection Molybdenum-99 Imaging the lungs for blood clots Xenon-133 TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

31. Nuclear Medicine at TRIUMF TRIUMF program started in neurology and is expanding to oncology World leading Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre (PPRC) 1500 patient visits a year Entire program depends on TRIUMF Major discoveries: Placebo effect; Trauma origins Core competencies PET Imaging Radiochemistry and biomarkers (18F, 11C….) Target development techniques Future medical isotopes will be used for therapy (using a particles) Break both the DNA strands with alphas Kills cell in two passes versus 20 passes for x-rays TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

32. Success: EF5-18F (a 1st in Canada) Tests for Hypoxia – radiation-resistant tumours TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer 32 32

33. PET Measures Metabolic Response PET image is very powerful indicator of cancer metabolism Response can be seen within 24 hours Baseline 24 hours 1 week 2 months 5.5 months Dana Farber Cancer Institute TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

34. MSNBC/Health: March 4, 2009 “Doctors typically must wait weeks or months to see if a treatment is shrinking tumors or at least halting their growth. But researchers are exploring a new use for medical imaging that could shorten the stay in purgatory, possibly revealing within a few days whether chemo is working” This scan is called FLT-PET, after radioactive fluorothymidine. These scans show whether cancer cells are dividing. “’Our hope ... is you might be able to give a single dose of a chemotherapy agent and within a day or two figure out whether the tumor is going to respond,’ says Dr. Michael Graham of the University of Iowa. If the tumor doesn't respond, doctors would ‘go on to Plan B,’ he said. ‘This is really ... giving us the ability to tailor the therapy to the disease.’ The researchers reported that just one week after treatment began, they could tell with 93 percent certainty which patients would eventually respond to the drug and which would not.” TRIUMF chemists have made FLT, FES, FDG, and working on more…. TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

35. Radiotracers for Oncology From: Wester, HJ. Nuclear Imaging Probes: from Bench to Bedside. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13(12): 3470-3481 TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

36. Detecting Biochemistry before Disease Estimated Levodopa-induced Changes In Synaptic Dopamine Levels 12 • PET imaging distinguishes dopamine systems of pre-symptomatic Parkinson’s patients • Later shown to be identical grouping as response to treatment stable group 10 8 6 4 fluctuator group 2 0 -2 Error Bars: ± 1 Standard Error(s) -4 1hr 4hr TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

37. Institutions Partnering w/TRIUMF UBC/TRIUMF (CFI Lead) McMaster University Cross Cancer Institute MNI Ottawa Heart Institute Université de Sherbrooke BC Cancer Agency St Joseph's Health Care Sunnybrook Thunder Bay University Health Network (PMH) University of Calgary Dalhousie University University of Manitoba NRC Med Tech. Winnepeg Université de Montréal Active Cyclotron Based Programs Establishing Cyclotron Programs Terry Fox Research Institute TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer 37 37

38. Cyclotron Usage for Cancer Screening is Growing TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

39. SRF at TRIUMF: past, present, future ISAC II Phase I 106 MHz β =0.057, 0.071 Ep=30 MV/m ISAC II Phase II 141 MHz β =0.11 Ep= 30 MV/m E-linac/VECC 1.3 GHz β = 1 Ep= 20 MV/m SPL 704 MHz β = 0.65, 1 Ep= 50 MV/m ILC 1.3 GHz β = 1 Ep= 63 MV/m TRIUMF & local industry are becoming world leaders in SRF science and technology TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer 39 39

40. Next-generation Accelerator Technology TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer • Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) acceleration • Pathway to high-power beams for next-generation accelerators • Breadth of applications: includes 4G light sources, production of isotopes, neutron sources, and frontier science (CERN SPL, ILC) • At its heart are superconducting cavities • Made from pure niobium and operated at 2 K • The high-power e-linac beam will be directed onto targets to produce isotopes through photo-fission

41. Gun Gun Gun Bunch Bunch Bunch 50kW 50kW 15kW 50kW 15kW 50kW 50kW 15kW 50kW 50kW 15kW 50kW E-linac Possible Evolution Stage 1 - 2011 20kW 5kW 5-10MeV 5kW 20kW Injector 15kW Stage 2 - 2013 5kW 30MeV 10 MeV 100kW 5kW 15kW Injector Linac Module 1 50kW Stage 3 > 2015 10kW 10MeV 50MeV 10kW 50kW Injector 500kW Linac Module 2 Linac Module 1 TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

42. World Leadership in RIBs • Goal of 5YP -- take TRIUMF ISAC to next level • Unique moment to seize scientific discovery opportunity • Study neutron-rich nuclei important for element abundances, supernova explosions, neutron-star crusts, shell structure, theory advances, universal nuclear density functional, 3-nucleon interactions,... • Great opportunity in fundamental symmetries (one of holy grails in nuclear physics) Prize winning science • TRIUMF has strong fleet of experiments & eager young researchers • Large international user base wanting and waiting for varied beams • ISOL target & ion source expertise has grown & is ready to advance • Accelerator team strong • Canada: Opportunity to lead on world nuclear physics stage TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

43. Most Intense 18F Beam ? TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

44. TRIUMF RIBs in 2015 & Beyond • Canada will have world-unique scientific reach in rare-isotope beams with both protons & electrons on actinide targets • Already NSERC supported TIGRESS facility has record number of proposals this cycle with demonstrated beams TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

45. Staying Relevant

46. Canada's Economic Action Plan: “We are building a new knowledge-based economy…one where our scientists and entrepreneurs can find the support they need to get their ideas to market; and one where investors will find greater opportunity.” —By Tony Clement, Minister of Industry “More than ever before, science holds the key to our survival as a planet and our security and prosperity as a nation. It is time we once again put science at the top of our agenda and worked to restore America's place as the world leader in science and technology.” —By Barack Obama, President of the United States TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

47. Challenging Times • As in the U.S., Canada holds debates about what to do in economically tough times • Unlike the U.S., Canada is still talking • But the banks didn’t fail as badly • A lot of listening to Obama… • Canadian federal government is also struggling with focus and objectives of publicly supported science, technology, and innovation TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

48. At a Glance TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

49. Policy Statements • Canada has set ad hoc R&D priorities at the federal level • The Government of Canada is committed to fostering three specific S&T advantages for Canada • Entrepreneurial advantage • Knowledge advantage • People advantage • No framework (beyond TRIUMF) for planning/managing large-scale science research facilities TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer

50. For TRIUMF… • Physics is not a priority area although Canada has historical strength • TRIUMF’s Five-Year Plan was finalized long before the crash • New challenge is not to look silly! • Strategies • Seek to address and be responsive to national issues • Empower decision makers by being honest about relative tradeoffs • Exploit CECR program • Examine economic impact and job creation • Partner, partner, partner TRIUMF / T.I. Meyer