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BATTERY FUNDAMENTALS

BATTERY FUNDAMENTALS. Constitution matter. Matter - anything that occupies space and has weight. Atom - the smallest particle into which an element can be broken. Electrons - carries a small negative charge of electricity. Protons - carries a positive charge of electricity.

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BATTERY FUNDAMENTALS

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  1. BATTERYFUNDAMENTALS

  2. Constitution matter Matter - anything that occupies space and has weight • Atom - the smallest particle into • which an element can be broken • Electrons - carries a small negative charge of electricity • Protons - carries a positive charge of electricity • Neutrons - neutral particle in that it has no electrical charge

  3. Chemical compound • Reducer • Chemical element able to release electrons Hydrogen atom REDUCER It gives electrons Ion H+

  4. Chemical compound • Oxidizer • Chemical element able to capture electrons Ion 0-- Oxidizer It gains electrons Atom

  5. Chemical transformation to electrical current • Electro chemical reaction = transformation of energy • Chemical reaction = exchange of electrons • Electric current = movement of electrons

  6. Chemical transformation to electrical current :basic components Electrical energy Chemical energy • Two electrodes: • oxidizer (NiOOH) • reducer (Cd)

  7. Chemical transformation to electrical current Electrical energy Chemical energy • Two electrodes: • oxidizer (NiOOH) • reducer (Cd) Electric conductor to connect the electrodes

  8. Chemical transformation to electrical current Electrical energy Chemical energy • Two electrodes: • oxidizer (NiOOH) • reducer (Cd) Electric conductor to connect the electrodes Electrolyte to conduct ions

  9. Ni-Cd battery composition Positive electrodes : • nickel hydroxide (discharged) • nickel oxyhydroxide (charged) Negative electrodes : • cadmium hydroxide (discharged) • cadmium (charged) Separator Electrolyte

  10. Battery charge Electrical energy Chemical energy At the electrodes • Positive electrode oxidation Ni(OH)2 transformed into NiOOH • Negative electrode reduction Cd(OH)2 transformed into Cd In electrolyte • Negative ions (OH-) go to positive electrode

  11. Basic Ni-Cd Electrochemistry Charge : • Positive electrode 2 Ni (OH)2 + 2 OH- => 2 NiOOH + 2H2O +2e- • Negative electrode Cd (OH)2 + 2e- => Cd + 2 OH-

  12. Battery discharge Electrical energy Chemical energy At the electrodes • Negative electrode oxidation Cd transformed into Cd(OH)2 • Positive electrode reduction NiOOH transformed into Ni(OH)2 In electrolyte • Negative ions (OH-) go to • negative electrode

  13. Basic Ni-Cd Electrochemistry Discharge : • Positive electrode 2 NiOOH + 2 H2O + 2e- => 2 Ni(OH)2 + 2OH- • Negative electrode Cd + 2 OH- => Cd(OH)2 + 2e-

  14. BATTERYFUNDAMENTALSEND

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