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Yanna Vogiazou, Marc Eisenstadt, Martin Dzbor and Jiri Komzak Knowledge Media Institute

From BuddySpace to CitiTag: Large-scale Symbolic Presence for Community Building and Spontaneous Play. Yanna Vogiazou, Marc Eisenstadt, Martin Dzbor and Jiri Komzak Knowledge Media Institute The Open University Milton Keynes, UK. 16th March 2005. SAC 2005 Ubiquitous Computing Track.

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Yanna Vogiazou, Marc Eisenstadt, Martin Dzbor and Jiri Komzak Knowledge Media Institute

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  1. From BuddySpace to CitiTag: Large-scale Symbolic Presence for Community Building and Spontaneous Play Yanna Vogiazou, Marc Eisenstadt, Martin Dzbor and Jiri Komzak Knowledge Media Institute The Open University Milton Keynes, UK 16th March 2005 SAC 2005 Ubiquitous Computing Track

  2. Outline • Enhancing social presence • Design for emergence • Our principles • User studies CitiTag emergence in the real world BuddySpace ‘group belongingness’ BumperCars collaborative play Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  3. Enhancing social presence • Engaging participatory social experiences – large scale • Presence-aware and ubiquitous technologies: • group cohesion • expression of spontaneous social behaviours through play • emergent group behaviours and participatory play The ‘killer apps’ of tomorrow’s mobile infocom industry won’t be hardware devices or software programs but social practices. (Howard Rheingold in Smart Mobs, 2002) Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  4. Design for emergence Unpredictable behaviours and uses of technology emerge from a combination of design and external factors through the deployment or experiment with an interactive product SMS-dictated mobility hijacking Bluetooth phones iPod ‘Podcasts’ (time-shifted radio) Social software Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  5. Design for emergence Our aim is to study emergence in a way that it becomes as important as the interactive application itself Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  6. Design for emergence The long-term goal is to try and integrate lessons learned from emergent user behaviours in future designs Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  7. Design Principles • Principle 1: Big scale is an asset, not a liability Flash Mobs: more people the more engaging the experience Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  8. Design Principles • Principle 2: Visualizing users’ locations can enhance the sense of presence online World as a Blog NASA Earthlights HitMaps.open.ac.uk Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  9. Design Principles • Principle 3: ‘Presence’ is largely symbolic Ubiquitous Online Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  10. BuddySpace Our community building tool 1000 OU online forum messages: 20% location-centric! Instant Messaging with location info Automatic group and map generation Very scalable and customizable Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  11. BuddySpace Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  12. BuddySpace 15 evaluation questionnaires from long term users (>6months) Users were asked to rate ‘group belongingness’ engendered by 20 activities, situations, physical and digital artifacts. Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  13. BuddySpace • Automatically-generated groups: most beneficial and most frequently-used feature • Maps, personal rosters and group rosters ranked within top 5 (of 20) items BuddySpace endorses our long-term goal of fostering a sense of ‘group belongingness’ Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  14. BumperCar game • ‘playground space’ for opportunistic, playful interaction • bumping and chasing • players change colour to indicate team alliance • can change player speed, image background and add bot-cars to create different games • overview map for scalability and presence Normal view Map view Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  15. Spontaneous Goal oriented 3 Game types 22 participants in 6 game sessions of approximately 20 minutes each. Questionnaires and video analysis were used. Colour Jam Session Collaborative Pong Group Formations Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  16. Spontaneous collaboration …through visual communication Synchronised colour change & movement Surrounding Teamwork: defenders & attackers Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  17. Online ‘crowd’ behaviours Rogues and creativity Rogues Mostcreative individual? Place Swapping Group Hug Spontaneous group and individual behaviours can emerge online, even without verbal communication. Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  18. Emergence in the real world • Can spontaneous behaviours emerge in the real world through a mixed reality game? • Motivation: a simple game based on symbolic presence states aiming to bring an enjoyable shared social experience, stimulated by real world interaction among players Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  19. Design Inspiration: ‘Tag’ Touch has power in itself Social Simple, spontaneous fun Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  20. CitiTag: a wireless location based game Two opposite teams, Reds vs Greens WiFi + GPS Looking around… Got tagged! Free a friend… Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  21. Two user studies OU campus 9 participants, Bristol centre 16. Group interviews, questionnaires, video analysis Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  22. CitiTag in Bristol CitiTagBristol.mov Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  23. More results • Experience was different in the two locations (OU-action, Bristol-strategy) • Audio cues enhance the experience and support awareness • Emergent/invincible team • Authorising ‘child-like play’ in public among adults Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  24. Summary • BuddySpace fosters the feeling of being part of a group • Spontaneous group behaviours and coordination can emerge online through play without verbal communication • Similarly such behaviours can emerge in the real world, empowered by participation in a mixed reality shared experience, based on simple game rules and symbolic presence states . Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  25. Acknowledgements A special thanks to: Bas Raijmakers (Royal College of Art) University of Bristol HP Labs KMi Mathew Eanor Jon Linney Lewis McCann Kevin Quick Peter Scott Ben Clayton Stuart Martin Erik Geelhoed Richard Hull Paul Marsh Jo Reid …and our participants of course Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  26. Appendix Buddyspace features ratings: Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

  27. GPS Receiver Flash Communications Server running CitiTag application (server-side scripts) Serial data PocketPC Wireless Network Access Point Mobile Bristol Application 802.11b wireless connection XML Socket Flash Administration Client Flash Game Client CitiTag architecture Yanna Vogiazou Knowledge Media Institute, OU

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