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Understanding Cancer - A Formal Definition and Discussion

Learn about the disease cancer through a formal definition and real-world experiences. Dive into the basics of cell growth and division, chromosome structure, the cell cycle, mitosis, and tumor development.

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Understanding Cancer - A Formal Definition and Discussion

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  1. Based on your prior knowledge, create a formal definition for the disease cancer in your notes. Do you know anybody who has had, or currently has, cancer? If so, what type(s)? Video: Teen Survives Deadly Melanoma • Watch the video without writing anything. • Once the video ends, you will have 2-3 minutes to create 3 scientific questions based on what you just saw.

  2. With groups: • Copy all questions (including yours) into the left side of #2 on the Questioning Form. • Revise all closed-end questions (yes/no answers) to be open-ended questions and write them in the space to the right. • Prioritize all questions.

  3. Chapter 10 Cell Growth & Division 10.2 Chromosomes I. Intro A. Cell division/reproduction 1. The process by which 2 new, identical cells are produced from one 2. Occurs constantly, even right this second II. Chromosomes A. Chromosome structure 1. DNA a. The form in which genetic info in the cell is contained b. The cells alphabet c. Comprised of nucleic acids d. A double helix e. Each strand contains thousands of genes 1. Each gene contains a specific code which is responsible for a different trait

  4. 2. Chromatin a. The state in which DNA is normally found in nondividing cells 1. DNA is too long to fit into the cell a. Each chromosome contains approx. 5 cm of DNA when uncoiled b. DNA is tightly coiled to form c. When cell division is initiated, this chromatin coils & condenses into microscopic chromosomes.

  5. 3. A chromosome a. chromatin that has been tightly and condensed b. In most cells, chromosomes are only visible during cell division c. Most other times, they are uncoiled d. Chromosome structure

  6. B. Chromosome number 1. All organisms do not have the same # of chromosomes 2. In a dividing cell of humans, there are 46 chromosomes a. 23 pairs 3. Karyotype a. The name given to the set of chromosomes b. When chromosomes are paired together according to size & shape this is what is called a karyotype

  7. 4. Diploid a. Cells that have 2 sets of chromosomes b. 1 set comes from each parent c. Almost all the cells in your body are diploid 1. 23 pairs of chromosomes d. Represented as 2n 5. Haploid a. Cells that only have one set of chromosomes b. Sex cells 1. Contain only 1 set of chromosomes a. 23 chromosomes 2. Sperm and egg c. Represented as n

  8. CHAPTER 10 CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION 10.2 The Cell Cycle I. Cell Division in Eukaryotes A. Cell Cycle 1. Repeating set of events that make up the life of a cell a. The sequence of division and growth of a cell’s life cycle 1. Cell division & Interphase

  9. B. Phases of the cell cycle 1. Interphase a. The growth phaseCells spend most of their lifetime in this phase

  10. b. G1 phase 1. Offspring cells grow to mature size c. S phase 1. Cell’s DNA is copied d. G2 phase 1. Cell prepares for cell division C. Mitosis 1. Nuclear division occurs a. The process by which 2 daughter cells are formed 1. Each containing a complete set of chromosomes

  11. 2. Phases of mitosis a. Prophase: the 1st phase 1. Chromatin coils into visible chromosomes a. Remember in S phase the DNA was copied b. Sister chromatids stay connected by the centromere 2. Nuclear membrane disappears 3. Centrioles & Spindle fibers form a. Spindle fibers are a network of protein fibers 4. Spindle fibers attach to centromeres

  12. b. Metaphase: the 2nd phase 1. The chromosomes line up in center of cell c. Anaphase: the 3rd phase 1. Sister chromatids separate a. Spindle fibers pull each chromosome to opposite sides of cell

  13. d. Telophase: the 4th phase 1. Each side of cell now has a complete set of chromosomes 2. Chromosomes begin to unwind 3. Spindle fibers break down 4. Nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes 5. A new plasma membrane begins to form between the two nuclei

  14. e. Cytokinesis 1. Actual cell division 2. Cytoplasm is pinched in half a. Cleavage furrow 1. Area of the cell membrane that pinches in b. Forms 2 new cells 3. Each cell contains identical DNA 4. Cell enters growth phase Cleavage Furrow

  15. D. What controls the cell cycle? 1. Enzymes 2. What causes the cell cycle to be uncontrolled? a. Failure to produce certain enzymes II. What happens when the cell cycle is not controlled? A. A tumor develops 1. A mass off cells that results from uncontrolled growth 2. Benign tumor a. A tumor that remains in the region in which it was originally formed b. Usually harmless B. Cancer develops 1. A tumor that does not remain in the region in which it was originally formed 2. Uncontrolled cell division

  16. 3. Most prevalent types of cancer in U.S. a. Lung b. Prostate c. Colon d. Breast

  17. 11/6 Warm-up Activity List the phases of the cell cycle in order starting with the G1 phase.

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